Reproductive dynamics of endeavour prawns, Metapenaeus endeavouri and M. ensis, in Albatross Bay, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia

 The spawning patterns of two penaeid prawns, Metapenaeus endeavouri (Schmitt) and M. ensis (De Haan), were examined from data collected at 45 stations between March 1986 and March 1992. An index of population fecundity based on the abundance, proportion and fecundity of sexually mature females was used as a measure of spawning output of the prawn stock. The population fecundity index for M. ensis was higher than that for M. endeavouri. The monthly population fecundity index for M. endeavouri varied markedly among years, while that for M. ensis was consistent among years. Spawning of M. endeavouri occurred year-round, while that of M. ensis was concentrated mainly in spring (September to November). For M. endeavouri, a minor spawning, derived from a relatively small number of summer spawners, occurred in the 20 to 30 m offshore waters in summer. In early summer (after May), the major spawning group consisted of large females from the winter-spawning cohort, and the spawning area shifted to depths of 30 to 60 m. In winter (July), the major spawning, derived from the winter-spawning cohort, occurred at depths of 20 to 40 m. For M. ensis, the major spawning, derived from the spring-spawning cohort, was observed in depths <50 m and was concentrated particularly in inshore waters (<20 m) in spring. In autumn, the spawning output was mainly from the autumn-spawning cohort, which comprised but a small number of individuals. In winter, the major spawning group again consisted of the large females from the spring-spawning cohort, and spawning increased in the oceanic waters (>50 m). These results suggest that mature female M. endeavouri and M. ensis move offshore (>40 m) by May and July, respectively, and return to shallow waters (<35 m) in July and November, respectively. The monthly reproduction patterns of both species in the “effective spawning” area showed that the major spawning season for M. endeavouri is August to October and that for M. ensis is September to December. Received: 19 February 1999 / Accepted: 18 June 2000     

福建省旅游产业影响因素的灰色关联分析

当前,灰色关联度已广泛应用于不同领域内相关因子的分析与预测.借助该法分析和比较了1997-2001年和2002-2006年两个时间段内影响福建省旅游业发展的内外因子.研究结果表明,福建省的旅游业在很大程度上受制于经济发展水平、交通可达性、产业化水平、旅游品牌等因素.建议福建省通过加快旅游支撑体系建设,实行集群式发展战略,培育和壮大海峡旅游品牌来实现旅游业的快速发展.     

线切割加工中模具变形和开裂的探讨

此文对T10钢经线切割加工的开裂模具进行了金相分析、应力分析和断裂分析,从而提出了减少变形和开裂的措施。列举了生产实例,供模具制造者参考。     

Assessment of the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric PCNs and their air–soil exchange using passive air samplers in Shanghai,East China

A total of 47 passive air samples and 25 soil samples were collected to study the temporal trend, distribution, and air–soil exchange of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in Shanghai, China. Atmospheric PCNs ranged from 3.44 to 44.1 pg/m³ (average of 21.9 pg/m³) in summer and 13.6 to 153 pg/m³ (average of 40.0 pg/m³) in winter. In the soil samples, PCN concentrations were 54.7–1382 pg/g dry weight (average of 319 pg/g). Tri-CNs and tetra-CNs were two dominant homolog groups in air samples, while di-CNs were also found at comparable proportions to tri-CNs and tetra-CNs in soil samples. Most air and soil samples from the industrial and urban areas showed higher PCN concentrations than those from suburban areas. However, some soil samples in urban centers presented higher PCN concentrations than industrial areas. Analysis of PCN sources indicated that both industrial thermal process and historical usage of commercial PCN mixtures contributed to the PCN burden in most areas. The fugacity fraction results indicated a strong tendency of volatilization for lighter PCNs (tri- to hexa-CNs) in both seasons, and air–soil deposition for octa-CNs. Moreover, air–soil exchange fluxes indicate that soil was an important source of atmospheric PCNs in some areas. The results of this study provide information for use in the evaluation of the potential impact and human health risk of PCNs around the study areas.

     

两性修饰红薯渣对紫色土吸附Cu2+的影响

采用十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱对红薯渣（R）做两性修饰,修饰比例分别为0、100%和200%,将得到的3种两性修饰红薯渣（R、100BS-R和200BS-R）以1%质量分数加入紫色土（PS）中,制成PS（对照）、PSR、PS100BS-R和PS200BS-R 4种混合土样。用批量处理法探究各供试土样对Cu2+的吸附等温特征,并考察温度、pH值和离子浓度对Cu2+吸附的影响。结果表明：各混合土样对Cu2+的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量为99.46 mmol/kg~136.53 mmol/kg,Cu2+吸附量呈现PS200BS-R>PS100BS-R>PSR>PS的趋势。温度和pH值升高均有利于Cu2+被吸附,当离子浓度为01 mol/L时吸附效果最佳。     

不同热辐射强度下秸秆燃烧特性实验研究

为了探讨秸秆在不同规模火灾中的燃烧特性,采用锥形量热仪测得秸秆点燃时间、热释放速率、一氧化碳产生率等参数进行模拟实验,结合热重分析法研究秸秆的热解过程。结果表明:随着辐射强度的升高,秸秆由阴燃向明火转化,热释放速率、烟释放速率随之加快,缩短了点燃时间并降低了CO等有毒气体排放速率。热重分析得到秸秆在各个温度段下的反应情况,解释了在不同辐射强度下秸秆点燃性能实验现象及其反应机理,为防止火灾事故发生提供了可靠的理论依据。     

不连续和含水材料阴燃及向明火转化过程研究

聚氨酯泡沫材料是阴燃火灾中常见的可燃物之一,对变化的聚氨酯泡沫材料的阴燃过程进行了研究.材料变化主要包括连续材料前后部分含水率变化,以及不连续材料前后部分含水率变化.观测各次不同试样试验现象并用热电偶组记录内部的温度变化.结果显示,对于连续材料,当后部含水率小于7.4％时,阴燃稳定传播;后部含水率在10.3％-13.8％时,发生气相反应并形成明火;后部含水率为17.4％时,不能形成明火,后部含水率大于20.9％时,阴燃停止传播.对于不连续材料,在阴燃过程中不易出现明火,当含水率为17.4％时阴燃就会熄灭.材料热分析的TG和DSC数据可清楚显示阴燃反应的各个温度区间和特点.阴燃过程的传热分析也表明,莲续材料比不连续材料更有利于阴燃的传播和明火的形成.     

金属自由镦粗的实验研究

金属的拉伸和镦粗实验是研究金属材料力学性能的2个基本实验;而金属的自由镦粗又是人们用来研究自由表面裂纹和材料可加工性能的一个方便而实用的实验。重点介绍了高-径比与摩擦系数对镦粗变形行为与可加工性能的影响,并给出了一些有价值的曲线。