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181.
Hans -Martin Mulisch Werner Winter Hermann H. Dieter 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2000,12(5):269-278
To include consequences emanating from former military sites on the drinking water supply, a catalog of criteria has been developed which permits the determination and assessment of the hazards in general and their impact on human health in particular. The assessment criteria correspond to the special requirements and standards for drinking water hygiene and protection in Germany. The criterion catalog is a completion module to the usual praxis and existing conceptions, and has proved its practical value in the initial assessment of military sites in the new federal states of Germany. The scheme is a control instrument suitable for obtaining an assessment concerning the extent to which drinking-water resources are and will be affected by former waste disposal and other contaminated sites at the present and in the future. 相似文献
182.
Dieter Schäfer Steffen Seibel Regina Hoffmann-Kroll 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2000,12(5):286-290
The quality of regionalizations can only be evaluated with regard to its specific purposes. In environmental monitoring, regionalizations, besides being an analysis tool, has a great importance on the selection of monitoring sites. The article describes the relationship between regionalization, selection procedure and representativeness using the example of Ecological Area Sampling (EAS) and presents the regionalization which was tested in an EAS pilot study. 相似文献
183.
Different collector types for sampling deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons--comparison of measurement results and their uncertainty 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gladtke D Bakker F Biaudet H Brennfleck A Coleman P Creutznacher H Van Egmond BF Hafkenscheid T Hahne F Houtzager MM Leoz-Garziandia E Menichini E Olschewski A Remesch T 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(8):2054-2062
Different collector types, sample workup procedures and analysis methods to measure the deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were tested and compared. Whilst sample workup and analysis methods did not influence the results of PAH deposition measurements, using different collector types changed the measured deposition rates of PAH significantly. The results obtained with a funnel-bottle collector showed the highest deposition rates and a low measurement uncertainty. The deposition rates obtained with the wet-only collectors were the lowest at industrial sites and under dry weather conditions. For the open-jar collectors the measurement uncertainty was high. Only at an industrial site with extremely high PAH deposition rates the results of open-jar collectors were comparable to those obtained with funnel-bottle collectors. Thus, if bulk deposition of PAH has to be measured, funnel-bottle combinations are proved to be the collectors of choice. These collectors were the only ones always fulfilling the requirements of European legislation. 相似文献
184.
Frank-Albert Pitten Gerald Müller Peter König Dieter Schmidt Axel Kramer 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1998,10(2):75-80
The risk assessment of former ammunition factories, where chemical weapons consisting of diphenylarsenic compounds have been produced or stored is difficult because of the lack of data concerning bioavailability and metabolism of the residues of these sternutators. In order to estimate the contamination of fodder plants by typical pollutants of the former Heeresmunitionsanstalt Löcknitz, the total concentration of arsenic was determined in 186 samples of wild plants. The total arsenic concentration in plants of high feed value did not exceed 1 ppm, whereas 15% of the samples of plants of middle and little value in regard to animal fodder showed arsenic concentrations above 1ppm. The uptake of arsenic by wild plants, however, appears to be comparably low taken the high-grade contamination of the soil into account. A final toxicological evaluation of the risk potential is not yet possible because it requires the characterization of the anorganic and organic arsenic compounds in these plants. 相似文献
185.
Horst Behrendt Matthias Kornmilch Dieter Opitz Oliver Schmoll Gaby Scholz 《Regional Environmental Change》2002,3(1-3):107-117
The nutrient discharges from point and diffuse sources in more than 200 German river basins were estimated for the periods
1983–1987 and 1993–1997 employing the MONERIS model. This model distinguishes between six diffuse pathways and point source
emissions from waste water treatment plants and direct industrial discharges. It was estimated that the total nitrogen input
into the German river systems amounts to about 819,000 t N year–1 in the period 1993 to 1997. These emissions have decreased since the mid-eighties by about 266,000 t N year–1, mainly caused by the reduction of point discharges. For phosphorus the emissions have been reduced by 56,290 t P year–1 and amount to 37,250 t P year–1 in the period 1993–1997. Based on emission data a retention module estimates riverine nutrient loads. The comparison of the
model output with the observed loads shows a deviation as low as 30% and 50% for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively. The
regional resolution of the model indicates the relative importance of different pathways for phosphorus and nitrogen input
into river systems.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
186.
187.
Prior to a prospective application of amniotic fluid (AF) cell filtration to early amniocentesis, we tested the technique on a surplus from mid-trimester samples. By using the same sample size of 5 ml in experiments with a filter and in routine diagnostic procedures (control), we evaluated an optimal filter system. The prolonged culture time of filtered cells and the reduced number of clones are most probably due to mechanical stress (filtration pressure), whereas loss of the cells by adhesion to the filter system, and an AF-free culture medium (growth factors) are suggested to be less important. The AF cells are very sensitive to mechanical stress. Slow filtration (⩽3 ml AF/min) through filters with a high porosity and the largest possible pore size should be preferred. A mixed cellulose ester filter membrane with a pore size of 5·0 μm proved to be the most efficient, allowing harvest of the filtered cells after only a slight prolongation of the culture time (+2·4 days) compared with unfiltered aliquots. A filter set with a bypass connected by three-way taps allows cell filtration during either aspiration or reinjection of the AF. Cell filtration after amniocentesis and consecutive reverse flushing of the membrane with the appropriate amount of culture medium proved to be the best with regard to easy handling and reducing the risk of bacterial contamination. 相似文献
188.
Bamboo in climate change and rural livelihoods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Maxim Lobovikov Dieter Schoene Lou Yping 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(3):261-276
Climate change negotiations, assessments, and greenhouse gas inventory guidelines have all but bypassed bamboo. Disallowing
stands of tree-like bamboos as forests disparages their function in the carbon (C) cycle, and disregards pillars of smallholder
livelihoods. Exposing bamboo not as a panacea, but as an overlooked option for C conservation, sequestration, and adaptation,
we screen details of distribution, morphology, growth, physiology, and impacts for pertinence to climate change. Additional
to 40 million hectares of existing bamboo forests, many potential host countries for C projects harbor suitable sites. Definitions,
methods and default values, such as the root/shoot- ratio, biomass conversion factors, allometric equations and sampling variables
need adjusting. Rapid maturation, persistent rhizomes, a rich palette of species, and wind-firmness may mitigate risk. Bamboos
can accommodate agro-and urban forestry, and reign in unsustainable shifting cultivation. Distribution functions of bamboo
biomass stocks and growths do not deviate drastically from those of trees. If anything, bamboo stocks are slightly lower,
and growths slightly higher, with medians of 87 t*ha−1 and 10.5 t*ha−1*yr−1, respectively. However, bamboo’s outstanding socio-economic effects might well determine its future in mitigation and adaptation.
Early, continuous yields, selective harvesting on even small parcels of land, low capital and high labor intensity, virtually
100% conversion efficiency to about 1,500 products, and, typically, 75% of economic returns benefiting rural people are advantageous
attributes. Regional studies on suitability, silviculture, yields, economics, risk, and C assessment would strengthen bamboo’s
function as ‘the poor man’s timber’ and promote its niche as the smallholder’s C sink. 相似文献
189.
190.
The accumulation of chlorinated biphenyls in
shows a tendency to increase with decreasing water solubility. The depuration times of PCBs from daphnia depend on the temperature of the test water and possibly on the water solubility of the substance. The water solubilities of 2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl, 2,5,4′-trichlorobiphenyl, 2,4,6,2′-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 2,4,6,2′,4′-pentachlorobiphenyl have been determined using 14C-labelled substances. 相似文献