Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.     

降雨、地形对非点源污染产输影响机理综述

随着工业点源的逐步控制,非点源因其来源多样、涉及范围广、控制难度大,已成为影响水环境质量的主要污染源。非点源污染产输机理是开展定量研究、模型模拟及污染治理的基础,也是非点源污染研究领域的重点和难点。降雨是非点源污染产输的直接驱动力,地形是影响非点源污染产输的重要因素,两者对非点源污染的产输均具有重要影响。对国内外在降雨、地形对非点源污染产输影响机理方面的研究进行综述,以期为非点源污染相关研究提供参考和借鉴。     

生物脱氮组合工艺的研究及应用

为处理高浓度含氮废水,提出生物脱氮组合工艺,首先介绍3种生物脱氮技术原理,同时对其进行比较分析,找出现有技术在实际应用中存在的不足,从而归纳出生物脱氮组合工艺,即"短程硝化+厌氧氨氧化+反硝化"。该组合工艺可去除废水中各种形式的氮,且去除1 mol氨态氮消耗0.75 mol氧气。实际应用中总氮去除率最高可达87.5%,氨氮去除率最高可达91.8%。     

石化企业挥发性有机化合物泄漏排放量评估方法

介绍了石化企业生产过程中的泄漏排放源以及在开展泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)的工作中,对挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的泄漏排放量进行估算的多种方法,结合石化生产装置泄漏排放量估算实例给出了较为常用的两种美国环保署关于石化企业VOCs泄漏排放量的估算模型。     

原子荧光光度法测定海水中硒的不确定度评定研究

通过实例对原子荧光法测定海水中硒的不确定度进行评定。根据(JJF 1059-1999)《测量不确定度评定与表示》中对测量和评定不确定度的要求评估了不确定度。测量不确定度的产生包括标准溶液的逐级稀释、工作曲线的非线性和原子荧光光度计的测量性能及取样体积。结果表明取样体积是导致该方法不确定度产生的主要影响因素,在测定时应加强这方面的控制,从而提高测量结果的准确性。当海水中硒的含量为1.99μg/L时,硒含量的扩展不确定度为0.40μg/L,置信水平为95%。     

天山活动地块地震的震源机制

利用天山地块的地震震源机制解,并结合Google Earth遥感影像验证了柯坪地区内逆冲推覆构造带发震断裂的走向。讨论了喀什地区地震空区的形变特征和区域应力场,同时根据Google Earth遥感影像中地震空区的地貌类型,分析了地震空区周围的形变特征,推断地震空区附近薄弱介质区域的地震危险性较高。此外,还根据天山地区的地震震源机制在Google Earth遥感影像上的分布规律,并结合地质信息分析了震源机制分区差异性的形成原因和造成这种差异的背景应力场。     

红外光谱对土壤类PM2.5颗粒的研究

利用红外光谱和扫描电镜对93#和97#汽油燃烧产物、不同地段的土壤颗粒做了详细的表征。结果表明,97#汽油的燃烧产物含有的有害物质要明显少于93#汽油的燃烧产物;客运站表层土壤颗粒粒径明显小于新鲜土壤;汽油燃烧产物和新鲜土壤混合产物的成分与客运站表层土壤成分接近,说明土壤与汽油的燃烧产物发生了某种相互作用。在离客运站2 km以外测定的浮土成分与客运站表层的土壤成分相同,说明土壤类PM2.5颗粒可以随空气流动。     

Graphene-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution and mechanistic study

Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is very important for the health of the aqueous environment. Graphene was selected to support nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)for phosphorus removal from synthetic rainwater runoff in this article. Compared with nZVI supported on other porous materials,graphene-supported nZVI(G-nZVI) could remove phosphorus more efficiently. The amount of nZVI in G-nZVI was an important factor in the removal of phosphorus by G-nZVI,and G-nZVI with 20 wt.% nZVI(20% G-nZVI)could remove phosphorus most efficiently. The nZVI was very stable and could disperse very well on graphene,as characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the reaction process,and the results indicated that Fe-O-P was formed after phosphorus was adsorbed by G-nZVI. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction(XRD) indicated that the reaction product between nZVI supported on graphene and phosphorus was Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O(Vivianite). It was confirmed that the specific reaction mechanism for the removal of phosphorus with nZVI or G-nZVI was mainly due to chemical reaction between nZVI and phosphorus.