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排序方式: 共有166条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Extra-pair paternity in the monogamous Alpine marmot revealed by nuclear DNA microsatellite analysis 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Benoît Goossens Laurent Graziani Lisette P. Waits Etienne Farand Séverine Magnolon Jacques Coulon Marie-Claude Bel Pierre Taberlet Dominique Allainé 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1998,43(4-5):281-288
The genetic parentage and pedigrees of 35 litters from 12 family groups of monogamous Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) in the French Alps were analyzed using six hypervariable sequence repeat nuclear loci (microsatellites). All of the members
of these family groups were sampled during a 5-year period. Hairs taken directly from animals served as a source of DNA for
amplification of the loci. Our results indicate that the genetic mating system of the Alpine marmot is quite different from
a strictly monogamous breeding system. Extra-pair paternity occurred in 11 of the 35 litters (31.4%). Of the 134 juveniles
typed, 26 (19.4%) could be attributed to extra-pair copulation (EPC). We examine hypotheses which could explain the evolution
of EPC and discuss the different patterns of extra-pair mating.
Received: 11 July 1997 / Accepted after revision: 23 May 1998 相似文献
72.
73.
Chafika Mazouni Géraldine Porcu-Buisson Nadine Girard R. Sakr Dominique Figarella-Ballanger Béatrice Guidicelli Pascal Bonnier Marc Gamerre 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(2):104-107
Fetal brain tumors are rare and teratoma is considered as the most common. Fetal MR Imaging is currently used to evaluate cases of ventricular dilatation. We report a case of cerebral immature teratoma detected by ultrasonography because of ventricular dilatation at 24 gestational weeks. MRI was the more accurate imaging method in depicting the tumor and its consequences on brain development as well as in taking a decision with regard to the management of pregnancy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
74.
Summary. Lactating rabbit females emit volatile odour cues that trigger specialized motor actions leading to sucking. But the activity
of these cues may change with advancing lactation. Here, we tested this possibility in three experiments. In Exp. 1, we assessed
whether 2-day-old pups respond differently to the odour of milk from females in early (day 2) as compared to late (day 23)
lactation. In Exp. 2, a compound bearing pheromonal properties, the Mammary Pheromone (MP), was dosed in these milks to assess
whether its concentration is correlated with behavioural activity. In Exp. 3, the responsiveness to a constant level of MP
was compared in d2 versus d23-pups. Run on 240 pups, the assays showed that a) the milk activity declines between d2 and d23
of lactation; b) during this same period, the concentration of the MP decreases in milk; c) the MP itself becomes less active
to elicit oral grasping in pre-weaning pups than in newborns. These results indicate that the MP is active during the period
when pups are exclusively dependent on milk. The convergent changes in emission and reception of this pheromone may sequentially
warrant that pups are first attracted to the mammae, and then that they progressively disinvest the mother as they begin to
eat solid food and to be attracted by other conspecifics. 相似文献
75.
76.
Emilie Farcy Thierry Burgeot Hansy Haberkorn Michel Auffret Laurent Lagadic Jean-Pierre Allenou Hélène Budzinski Nicolas Mazzella Romain Pete Micheline Heydorff Dominique Menard Florence Mondeguer Thierry Caquet 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(2):630-650
Estuarine areas represent complex and highly changing environments at the interface between freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the aquatic organisms living in estuaries have to face highly variable environmental conditions. The aim of this work was to study the influence of environmental changes from either natural or anthropogenic origins on the physiological responses of Mytilus edulis. Mussels were collected in the Vilaine estuary during early summer because this season represents a critical period of active reproduction in mussels and of increased anthropogenic inputs from agricultural and boating activities into the estuary. The physiological status of the mussel M. edulis was evaluated through measurements of a suite of biomarkers related to: oxidative stress (catalase, malondialdehyde), detoxication (benzopyrene hydroxylase, carboxylesterase), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase), reproductive cycle (vitelline, condition index, maturation stages), immunotoxicity (hemocyte concentration, granulocyte percentage, phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production, oxidative burst), and general physiological stress (lysosomal stability). A selection of relevant organic contaminant (pesticides, (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls) was measured as well as environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, total suspended solids, turbidity, chlorophyll a, pheopigments) and mussel phycotoxin contamination. Two locations differently exposed to the plume of the Vilaine River were compared. Both temporal and inter-site variations of these biomarkers were studied. Our results show that reproduction cycle and environmental parameters such as temperature, organic ontaminants, and algal blooms could strongly influence the biomarker responses. These observations highlight the necessity to conduct integrated environmental approaches in order to better understand the causes of biomarker variations. 相似文献
77.
Torsten Hees Bernd Wenclawiak Sönnke Lustig Peter Schramel Michael Schwarzer Michael Schuster Dominique Verstraete Richard Dams Eckard Helmers 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1998,5(2):105-111
Trace concentrations of the platinum group elements (PGE; here: Pt, Pd and Rh) play an important role in environmental analysis and assessment. Their importance is based on 1. their increasing use as active compartments in automobile exhaust catalysts, 2. their use as cancer anti-tumor agents in medicine. Due to their allergenic and cytotoxic potential, it is necessary to improve selectivity and sensitivity during analytical investigation of matrices like soil, grass, urine or blood. This paper summarizes the present knowledge of PGE in the fields of analytical chemistry, automobile emission rates, bioavailibility, toxicology and medicine. 相似文献
78.
Dominique G. Roche Rose E. O'Dea Kecia A. Kerr Trina Rytwinski Richard Schuster Vivian M. Nguyen Nathan Young Joseph R. Bennett Steven J. Cooke 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13835
The knowledge-action gap in conservation science and practice occurs when research outputs do not result in actions to protect or restore biodiversity. Among the diverse and complex reasons for this gap, three barriers are fundamental: knowledge is often unavailable to practitioners and challenging to interpret or difficult to use or both. Problems of availability, interpretability, and useability are solvable with open science practices. We considered the benefits and challenges of three open science practices for use by conservation scientists and practitioners. First, open access publishing makes the scientific literature available to all. Second, open materials (detailed methods, data, code, and software) increase the transparency and use of research findings. Third, open education resources allow conservation scientists and practitioners to acquire the skills needed to use research outputs. The long-term adoption of open science practices would help researchers and practitioners achieve conservation goals more quickly and efficiently and reduce inequities in information sharing. However, short-term costs for individual researchers (insufficient institutional incentives to engage in open science and knowledge mobilization) remain a challenge. We caution against a passive approach to sharing that simply involves making information available. We advocate a proactive stance toward transparency, communication, collaboration, and capacity building that involves seeking out and engaging with potential users to maximize the environmental and societal impact of conservation science. 相似文献
79.
Fadel Marc Courcot Dominique Afif Charbel Ledoux Frédéric 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(5):3289-3311
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Air pollution is a major issue for human health with more than 7 million premature deaths per year due to indoor and outdoor air pollution. Exposure to particulate... 相似文献
80.
Dominique Berteaux Joël Bêty Eddie Rengifo Jean-Marie Bergeron 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1999,45(3-4):283-291
Multiple paternity in single litters conceived in the wild was recently demonstrated in meadow voles (Microtuspennsylvanicus). In this study, we used an experimental approach (males tethered and females allowed to mate freely with one or several
males) to investigate the role of female meadow voles in multiple paternity. We found that among 29 (of 39) females that copulated
during our experiment, 79.3% chose to mate with more than one male. Female behavior in meadow voles thus clearly promotes
multiple paternity and their role is an active one. Some of the hypotheses explaining promiscuity in meadow voles should be
reconsidered in light of this result. We do not know the primary determinant of female mate choice, but male body mass played
a secondary role in driving female preferences. The partial dependence between male body mass and female choice, coupled with
the active role played by females, indicates that intersexual selection has the potential for reinforcing the effects of intrasexual
selection (male-male dominance relationships) in this species. Finally, we demonstrate that the time period over which tests
are conducted is an important part of the design of experiments aimed at understanding the role of females in multiple paternity.
Received: 14 April 1998 / Accepted after revision: 12 September 1998 相似文献