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排序方式: 共有169条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
41.
Julie Clavreul Dominique Guyonnet Thomas H. Christensen 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(12):2482-2495
Uncertainty analysis in LCA studies has been subject to major progress over the last years. In the context of waste management, various methods have been implemented but a systematic method for uncertainty analysis of waste-LCA studies is lacking. The objective of this paper is (1) to present the sources of uncertainty specifically inherent to waste-LCA studies, (2) to select and apply several methods for uncertainty analysis and (3) to develop a general framework for quantitative uncertainty assessment of LCA of waste management systems. The suggested method is a sequence of four steps combining the selected methods: (Step 1) a sensitivity analysis evaluating the sensitivities of the results with respect to the input uncertainties, (Step 2) an uncertainty propagation providing appropriate tools for representing uncertainties and calculating the overall uncertainty of the model results, (Step 3) an uncertainty contribution analysis quantifying the contribution of each parameter uncertainty to the final uncertainty and (Step 4) as a new approach, a combined sensitivity analysis providing a visualisation of the shift in the ranking of different options due to variations of selected key parameters. This tiered approach optimises the resources available to LCA practitioners by only propagating the most influential uncertainties. 相似文献
42.
Houda Karmous-Benailly Anne-Claude Tabet Adeline Thaly Olivier Dupuy Yolène Huten Dominique Luton Clarisse Baumann Anne-Lise Delezoide 《黑龙江环境通报》2005,25(3):193-197
Trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 4 is a well-known syndrome, and several observations have been made in the last 30 years. Herein, we report a new observation of trisomy 4p in a fetus with a semi-lobar holoprosencephaly (HPE), dysmorphic features and multiple malformations. The diagnosis of HPE was made, at 33 weeks' gestation, on the fetus of a healthy G1P0 woman. Amniocentesis was performed for chromosome analysis and additional material was found on a chromosome 22. The couple elected to terminate the pregnancy and fetal examination was realized. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies were performed on the fetus and the parents, which showed that the additional material found on one chromosome 22 corresponded to the short arm of chromosome 4 and therefore led us to establish a diagnosis of trisomy 4p inherited from the malsegregation of a paternal translocation t(4;22)(q12;q11.1). The etiology of HPE is very heterogeneous; it includes non-genetic factors such as maternal diabetes and genetic causes. HPE cases have been described in association with many chromosomal anomalies, trisomy 13 being the most frequent. However, to our knowledge, HPE has never been previously reported in association with a trisomy involving solely the short arm of chromosome 4. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
43.
Maurike de Groot-van der Mooren Gert de Graaf Michel E Weijerman Mariette J. V Hoffer Jeroen Knijnenburg Anne-Marie M. F van der Kevie-Kersemaekers Angelique J. A Kooper Els Voorhoeve Birgit Sikkema-Raddatz Laura J. C. M van Zutven Malgorzata Ilona Srebniak Karin Huijsdens-van Amsterdam John J. M Engelen Dominique Smeets Anton H van Kaam Martina C Cornel 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(10):1351-1359
44.
Elisa Doné Leonardo Gucciardo Tim Van Mieghem Jacques Jani Mieke Cannie Dominique Van Schoubroeck Roland Devlieger Luc De Catte Philipp Klaritsch Steffi Mayer Veronika Beck Anne Debeer Eduardo Gratacos Kypros Nicolaides Jan Deprest 《黑龙江环境通报》2008,28(7):581-591
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can be associated with genetic or structural anomalies with poor prognosis. In isolated cases, survival is dependent on the degree of lung hypoplasia and liver position. Cases should be referred in utero to tertiary care centers familiar with this condition both for prediction of outcome as well as timed delivery. The best validated prognostic indicator is the lung area to head circumference ratio. Ultrasound is used to measure the lung area of the index case, which is then expressed as a proportion of what is expected normally (observed/expected LHR). When O/E LHR is < 25% survival chances are < 15%. Prenatal intervention, aiming to stimulate lung growth, can be achieved by temporary fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO). A balloon is percutaneously inserted into the trachea at 26–28 weeks, and reversal of occlusion is planned at 34 weeks. Growing experience has demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the technique with a survival rate of about 50%. The lung response to, and outcome after FETO, is dependent on pre-existing lung size as well gestational age at birth. Early data show that FETO does not increase morbidity in survivors, when compared to historical controls. Several trials are currently under design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
45.
Mathilde Lefebvre Fabienne Dufernez Ange-Line Bruel Marie Gonzales Bernard Aral Judith Saint-Onge Nadège Gigot Julie Desir Caroline Daelemans Frédérique Jossic Sébastien Schmitt Raphaele Mangione Fanny Pelluard Catherine Vincent-Delorme Jean-Marc Labaune Nicole Bigi Dominique D'Olne Anne-Lise Delezoide Annick Toutain Sophie Blesson Valérie Cormier-Daire Julien Thevenon Salima El Chehadeh Alice Masurel-Paulet Nicole Joyé Claude Vibert-Guigue Luc Rigonnot Thierry Rousseau Pierre Vabres Philippe Hervé Antonin Lamazière Jean-Baptiste Rivière Laurence Faivre Nicole Laurent Christel Thauvin-Robinet 《黑龙江环境通报》2015,35(7):675-684
46.
Background, Aims and Scope Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known for their adverse and cumulative effects at low concentration. In particular,
the PAHs accumulate in sewage sludge during wastewater treatment, and may thereafter contaminate agricultural soils by spreading
sludge on land. Therefore, sludge treatment processes constitute the unique opportunity of PAH removal before their release
in the environment. In this study, the ability of aerobic microorganisms to degrade light and heavy PAHs was investigated
in continuous bioreactors treating trace-level PAH-contaminated sludge.
Methods Several aerobic reactors were operated under continuous and perfectly mixed conditions to simulate actual aerobic sludge
digesters. Three sterile control reactors were performed at 35°C, 45°C or 55°C to assess PAH abiotic losses under mesophilic
and thermophilic conditions. Three biological reactors were also operated at 35°C, 45°C or 55°C. Furthermore, 250 mM methanol
were added in an additional mesophilic reactor (35°C). All reactors were fed with long-term PAH-contaminated sewage sludge,
and PAH removal was assessed by inlet/outlet mass balance. In this study, PAH compounds ranged from 2 to 5-unsubstituted aromatic
rings, i.e. respectively from Fluorene to Indeno(123cd)pyrene.
Results and Discussion Significant abiotic losses were observed for the lightest PAHs (fluorene, phenanthrene and anthracene), while biodegradation
occurred for all PAHs. More than 80% of the lightest PAHs were removed. Biodegradation rates inversely correlated with the
increasing molecular weight, and seemed limited by the low bioavailability of the heaviest PAHs (only 50% of removal). The
enhancement of PAH bioavailability by increasing the process temperature or adding methanol was tested. A temperature increase
from 35°C to 45°C and then to 55°C significantly enhanced the biodegradation of the heaviest PAHs from 50% to 80%. However,
high abiotic losses were observed for all PAHs at 55°C, which was attributed to volatilization. Optimal conditions were found
at 45°C considering the low abiotic losses and the high PAH biodegradation rates. Similar performances were achieved by addition
of methanol in the sludge. It was concluded that increasing temperatures or addition of methanol favored PAH diffusion from
solids to an aqueous compartment, and enhanced their bioavailability to PAH-degrading microorganisms.
Conclusion In this study, the use of long-term acclimated aerobic ecosystems showed the high potential of aerobic microorganisms to
degrade a wide range of PAHs at trace levels. However, PAH biodegradation was likely controlled by their low bioavailability.
Two aerobic processes have been finally proposed to achieve efficient decontamination of sewage sludge, at 45°C or in the
presence of methanol. The PAH concentrations in reactor outlet were lower than the French requirements, and allow the treated
sludge to be spread on agricultural land.
Recommendations and Outlook The two proposed aerobic processes used physical or chemical diffusing agents. The global ecological impact of using the
latter agents for treating trace level contamination must be considered. Since methanol was completely removed during the
process, no additional harm is expected after treatment. However, an increase of temperature to 45°C could drastically increase
the energy demand in full-scale plants, and therefore the ecological impact of the process. Moreover, since bioavailability
controls PAH biodegradation, efficiency of the processes could also be influenced by the hydraulic parameters, such as mixing
and aeration rates. Further experimentations in a pilot scale are therefore recommended, as well as a final assessment of
the global environmental benefit of using such aerobic processes in the bioremediation of trace level compounds.
- Abbreviations (PAHs): Ant – anthracene; B(a)A – benzo(a)anthracene ; B(b)F – benzo(b)fluoranthene; B(k)F – benzo(k)fluoranthene;
B(ghi)P – benzo(g,h,i)perylene; B(a)P – benzo(a)pyrene; Chrys – chrysene; DB – dibenzo(a,h)anthracene; Fluor – fluoranthene;
Fluo - fluorene; Ind – indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene; Phe - phenanthrene; Pyr – pyrene
- * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August
to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France. 相似文献
47.
Jaïro Falla Philippe Laval-Gilly Michel Henryon Dominique Morlot Jean-françois Ferard 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,64(3):627-644
Air quality monitoring is currently ensured by captors measuring few physicochemical parameters, then they cannot evaluate unforeseen compounds and the interaction effects of pollutants. On the contrary, the use of bioindicators can answer these problems. Among them, plants are used in two ways:1) Passive bioindicators: trees, lichens and mosses are used to determine the distribution and even the contaminants long-term effects on vast zones and, possibly, the concentrations of pollutants to which they were exposed.2) Active bioindicators: tobacco and mosses make available the defective zones in plants and enable determination of deposition fluxes.Moreover, techniques based on biomarkers identification should increase the answer's sensitivity. However, the plants present the disadvantage of being unable to provide a response in a time lapse comparable with that of the on-line analysers. Lastly, the development of tools using animal cells should allow, in the near future, to measure the total polluting load under conditions close to those of the routine techniques. Then, the real impact of the contaminant on public health could be approached. 相似文献
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