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841.
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843.
Li JT Qiu JW Wang XW Zhong Y Lan CY Shu WS 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,143(1):159-165
This study examines cadmium (Cd) contamination in orchard soils and fruit trees in Guangzhou, China, and assesses its potential health risk. Soils and tissues samples of three species of fruit trees were collected from three orchards. The average soil Cd concentration was 1.27, 1.84 and 0.68 mg/kg in orchards I, II, and III, respectively. The carambola (Averrhoa carambola) accumulated exceptionally high concentrations of Cd (7.57, 10.84, 9.01 and 2.15 mg/kg dw in root, twig, leaf and fruit, respectively), being 6.0-24 times and 4.0-10 times the corresponding tissue Cd in the longan (Dimocarpus longan) and wampee (Clausena lansium), respectively. Furthermore, all Cd concentrations (0.04-0.25 mg Cd/kg fw) of the fruits exceeded the tolerance limit of cadmium in foods of PR China (0.03 mg/kg fw). Our results indicate that the carambola tree has high Cd accumulation capacity and might be a Cd accumulator; and its fruit, among the three species of fruits studied, also poses the highest potential health risk to local residents. 相似文献
844.
为深入研究流场动力学特性对浸没式膜生物反应器系统内膜面污染的控制,应用fluent软件对浸没式膜生物反应器内气液两相流动进行了三维数值模拟研究。采用标准k-ε湍流模型和欧拉多相流模型,考察了改变曝气条件对膜面气液速度场及气含率分布的影响。模拟结果表明,在相同曝气强度下,1 mm曝气孔径下膜面气液两相的速度增加较孔径2mm、3 mm的快;曝气孔径为1 mm时,膜面的液相速度随着曝气强度的增加逐渐增大;曝气孔径为1 mm时,曝气量为5.5m3/h所形成的漩涡区较大,膜面气含率值较高且分布较均匀,气液两相接触面积较大,膜面冲刷效果较好;模拟观察到反应器底部靠近壁面局部气含率较低,不利于活性污泥中微生物的生长,需要进一步优化曝气和反应器结构。 相似文献
845.
Pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure and manure-amended soils in Jiangsu province,China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xin Y. Guo Li J. Hao Pan Z. Qiu Rong Chen Jing Xu Xiang J. Kong 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(6):383-392
The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil of livestock farms in Jiangsu province. This investigation employed solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 manure and 50 amended soil samples from 16 livestock farms in Jiangsu province were collected for analysis. In the manure samples, the highest detected frequencies and concentrations were those of tetracyclines (TCs, 54.1 ± 5775.6 μgkg?1), followed by fluoroquinolones (FQs, 8.4 ± 435.6 μgkg?1), sulphonamides (SAs, 3.2 ± 5.2 μgkg?1) and macrolides (MACs, 0.4 ± 110.5 μgkg?1). Statistical analysis was used to illuminate the pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics for various animal types and different regions in Jiangsu province. The results showed that the pollution level in cow manure was relatively lower compared with pig and chicken manure due to the relative restriction of medication. Furthermore, contamination was serious in amended soil from chicken farms. The pollution level in manure among different regions was higher to the south and north compared with the centre of the region. The same outcome was found for soil. Antibiotic residues in organic fertilizer were also investigated in this study. We found that although the detected concentration was lower in organic fertilizer than in fresh manure, detection frequencies (10–90%) were high, especially for roxithromycin (90%) in MACs (30–90%). This finding suggests attention should be paid to the pollution levels in organic fertilizer. This study is the first extensive investigation of the occurrence and distribution of many kinds of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil from livestock farms of Jiangsu province. This investigation systematically assesses veterinary antibiotics usage and related emissions in southeast China. 相似文献
846.
Distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in chicken manure and manure-fertilized vegetables 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Qingxiang Yang Siwei Ren Tianqi Niu Yuhui Guo Shiyue Qi Xinkuan Han Dong Liu Feng Pan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(2):1231-1241
Veterinary manure is an important pollution reservoir of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). However, little is known of the distribution of ARB in plant endophytic bacteria and the number/types of ARB in chicken manure. In this study, 454-pyrosequencing was used to investigate the distribution and composition of ARBs in chicken manure and fertilized vegetables. The prevalence of ARB in the samples of the chicken manure compost recovered from farms on which amoxicillin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and cephalexin were used was 20.91–65.9 % for ARBs and 8.24–20.63 % simultaneously resistant to two or more antibiotics (multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria (MARB)). Antibiotic-resistant endophytic bacteria were widely detected in celery, pakchoi, and cucumber with the highest rate of resistance to cephalexin. The pyrosequencing indicated that the chicken manure dominantly harbored Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes, and Proteobacteria and that Bacteroidetes was significantly enhanced in farms utilizing antibiotics. In the total cultivable colonies, 62.58–89.43 % ARBs and 95.29 % MARB were clustered in Bacteroidetes with the dominant species (Myroides ordoratimimus and Spningobacterium spp., respectively) related to human clinical opportunistic pathogens. 相似文献
847.
针对软弱基底排土场普遍存在稳定性差的问题,在分析了排土场失稳的主要影响因素以及常见的5种失稳模式的基础上,结合胜利东二露天煤矿南排土场南帮边坡工程地质实际,基于强度折减理论,运用大型岩土数值模拟软件FLAC3D对排土场逐水平堆载过程中基底与边坡岩体变形破坏规律及稳定性进行了数值模拟分析,确定了南排土场南帮边坡的破坏模式以及最终排弃高度。结果表明:胜利东二露天矿南排土场边坡变形破坏主要受排弃物料重力影响,随着排弃高度的增加,基底内部第四系弱层最大位移呈线性增加,弱层以下岩土体变形量较小,其滑坡模式为沿基底内部弱层发生的剪切圆弧滑动,可在原设计基础之上继续排弃一个排土台阶高度,提高了排土场的空间利用率,并为类似排土场边坡设计提供借鉴。 相似文献
848.
849.
环境经济系统整合模型的研究将环境的、经济的、社会的因素整合在可持续发展框架中.模拟、分析经济系统与环境系统之闻的相互作用和反馈关系。本文在分析环境经济系统整合模型构建的背景、理论与方法的基础上.设计了环境经济系统整合模型开发的技术路线.提出了环境经济系统整合模型的主要内容。 相似文献
850.
长江河口近岸水体自然净化作用及其初步评价 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
按照水体的净化机理,结合长江口和上海滨岸带近岸水体的物理、化学和生物等因素的实际特征,对近岸水体的自然净化作用进行了阐述和分析。并在历史资料和实测资料基础上,就近岸水体的自然净化作用进行了评价。评价结果表明,因长江河口近岸水体存在较强的自然净化作用机制,近岸水体体的自然净化能力较强,环境容量较大,但由于污染物输入量的不断增加,部分岸段近岸水体的环境质量有逐渐下降的趋势;近岸水体的自然净化作用具有明显的季节性变化,长江口南岸水域洪水季节水体的自然净化作用比估水季节强,而杭州湾北岸水域的自然净化作用表现为相反的变化趋势,因此建议在近岸污水排放过程中应考虑近岸水体的净化能力,遵循水体的自然净化作用规律。 相似文献