Exposure of traffic police to Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Beijing, China

Exposure of on-duty traffic police in Beijing to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated during the summer, 2004 using a personal sampling technique in measuring both particulate and gaseous phase PAHs. The results were then compared with those from two control sites away from the street. Exposure levels to gaseous and particulate PAHs for the traffic police were found to be 1525 +/- 759 ngm(-3) and 148 +/- 118 ngm(-3), respectively, representing 2-2.5 times higher levels than those at the control sites. The daily inhalation exposure of the police was estimated to be 277 ngkg(-1)d(-1). Most of the PAHs exposure came from the vapor phase, particularly NAP, FLO and PHE. Based on calculated PAH diagnostic ratios, the major source of PAHs exposure was from vehicle exhaust. The effects of temperature, humidity and atmospheric stability on exposure levels are also discussed.     

Changes in the soil environment from excessive application of fertilizers and manures to two contrasting intensive cropping systems on the North China Plain

Effects of excessive fertilizer and manure applications on the soil environment were compared in greenhouse vegetable systems shifted from wheat-maize rotations 5-15years previously and in wheat-maize rotations. N, P and K surpluses to the greenhouses were 4328, 1337 and 1466kgha(-1)year(-1), respectively compared to 346, 65 and -163kgha(-1)year(-1) to wheat-maize fields. Subsequently, substantial mineral N and available P and K accumulated in the soil and leaching occurred down the soil profile in the greenhouses. Soil pH under vegetables was significantly lower than in the wheat-maize fields, while the EC was significantly higher in the vegetable soils. The mean Cd concentration in the vegetable soils was 2.8 times that in the wheat-maize rotations. Due to excessive fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable production in northeast China, excessive salt and nitrate concentrations may accumulate and soil quality may deteriorate faster than in conventional wheat-maize rotations.     

Characteristics of volatile compounds removal in biogas slurry of pig manure by ozone oxidation and organic solvents extraction

Biogas slurry is not suitable for liquid fertilizer due to its high amounts of volatile materials being of complicated composition and peculiar smell. In order to remove volatiles from biogas slurry efficiently, the dynamic headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to clear the composition of volatiles. Nitrogen stripping and superfluous ozone were also used to remove volatiles from biogas slurry. The results showed that there were 21 kinds of volatile compounds in the biogas slurry, including sulfur compounds, organic amines, benzene, halogen generation of hydrocarbons and alkanes, some of which had strong peculiar smell. The volatile compounds in biogas slurry can be removed with the rate of 53.0% by nitrogen stripping and with rate of 81.7% by the oxidization and stripping of the superfluous ozone. On this basis, the removal rate of the volatile compounds reached 99.2% by chloroform and n-hexane extraction, and almost all of odor was eliminated. The contents of some dissolved organic compounds decreased obviously and however main plant nutrients had no significant change in the biogas slurry after being treated.     

高价离子还原菌还原机理及研究进展

高价离子还原菌普遍存在于自然环境中,它们在环境的原位修复中起着非常重要的作用。本文主要介绍了三种典型的高价离子还原菌：异化Fe（III）还原菌（IRB）、硝酸盐还原菌及硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）,分别以Fe3＋、N03-和SO4^2-为电子受体,以有机物作为电子供体,在将高价离子还原的同时,达到对污染环境的修复作用。文章综述了此类细菌的特性、作用机理、影响因素以及在国内外实际中的应用,分析了异化Fe（III）还原菌、硝酸盐还原菌及硫酸盐还原菌的异同点,并对该类细菌在环境污染治理中的发展趋势进行了评述。     

灌河口附近海域水质状况调查研究

近海水域的水环境对沿海城市的可持续发展具有重要意义.根据2006年4、5月灌河口附近海域水质监测资料,对海域的水质状况进行了分析和评价研究.结果表明:pH符合《海水水质标准》(GB3097-1997)Ⅰ类水质标准,DO、COD符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质标准;油类含量的平均值在0.031～0.062mg/L间变化,水质符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质标准;油类含量符合Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质标准;无机氮和活性磷酸盐含量已经超过Ⅲ、Ⅳ类水质标准;灌河口附近特殊的潮流场及苏北沿岸流对污染物质的空间分布格局的影响较大,建议对该海域进行大规模的水文监测分析,加强对海域环境的科学管理,以便及时采取对策.     

三亚电厂码头航道泥沙洄淤预测

本文从波浪掀沙和潮流输沙问题入手，对三亚电厂码头二种拟建方案的航道泥沙洄淤进行了预测。预测结果表明：航道的淤积强度呈自北向南递增的趋势，航道的南段淤积最重。在航道的北段，长山村方案淤积较重；在航道的南段，梅村方案的淤积较重。总体上看，二种方案均不属严重淤积。如果根据两种方案的洄淤分布特征对航道走向做适当调整，可望进一步改善航道的防淤效果。     

太湖地区水资源保护和利用现状与对策

在全面分析了太湖地区水资源利用现状特征和存在问题的基础上，分析了这些问题发生的经济和社会本质，按照可持续发展的要求有针对性的提出一些节水减污的对策措施。     

新型反应器(SUFR)去除城市污水中氮和磷的试验研究

开发了一种新的污水生物处理反应器——螺旋升流式反应器（Spiral Up-Flow Reactor,SUFR）,与传统的“池型反应器”（如氧化沟）相比,既提高了反应器中稳定的活塞流流态的容积利用率,又便于工程应用。运用SUFR对生物脱氮除磷进行了研究,系统连续稳定运行6个月的结果表明,该系统能保证出水平均质量浓度COD小于31mg/L,总氮小于10mg/L,总磷小于0.50mg/L,对COD、TN和TP的去除率分别达94%、86%和96%以上。对去除性能的分析结果表明,（1）SUFR系统厌氧反应器、缺氧反应器和好氧反应器对COD的去除量分别占去除总量的51.2%、12.5%和36.3%;（2）在去除总氮时,好氧反应器表现出了同步硝化反硝化功能,其对总氮的去除量约占SUFR系统去除总量的10%～20%;（3）去除总磷时,缺氧反应器表现出了反硝化吸磷现象,吸磷的量与进水COD质量浓度有关。     

噪声环境质量评价方法探讨

根据国家环保局１９９３年公布的《区域环境噪声标准》（ＧＢ３０９６－９３），采用评分模式评价方法，对泰安市各功能区噪声环境进行评价，通过标准值与各功能区实测特征值相比较，确立该功能区噪声环境质量类别。     

农药降解方程y=ae~(-kt)参数估计的一种方法

农药降解方程ｙ＝ａｅ－ｋｔ参数估计的一种方法王增辉王蕴波窦森贾红震（吉林农业大学基础科学系，长春１３０１１８）关键词降解方程，参数估计．１前言在农药的降解规律研究中，一般都认为，农药在土壤中、植物上的消失，可用一级反应动力学公式来表示［１］，即在不考...