蒙古高原北部Gun Nuur硅藻属种组成与分布特征

本文通过对蒙古高原北部表层沉积物中硅藻属种的鉴定,探讨硅藻属种的分布特征及对水环境变化的响应。Gun Nuur湖泊中共鉴定出2纲7科12属21种硅藻,以羽纹纲为主,Cymbella cistula、Amphora ovalis、Amphora baltica、Amphora ovalis var.pediculus等为相对优势种,且平均相对含量分别为24.4%、23.8%、16.9%、15.6%,其余属种均少于10.0%。优势硅藻种Cymbella cistula表明了Gun Nuur湖泊主要为淡水、偏碱性水体,pH值为8.0左右,距湖岸较近位置有大量的水生生物发育。Anomoeoneis costata和Anomoeoneis sphaerophora var.sphaerophora、Navicula oblonga反映出湖泊由于蒸发作用而导致水体咸化,湖泊矿化度升高,并且湖水属于Na-Ca/Cl-SO4型。在高纬度气候非常寒冷地区的湖泊中,硅藻生长受到严重的抑制作用。偏"胖"的特征有利于硅藻浮游以适应水体温度的变化,湖泊边沿结冰后向湖泊中心游动。湖泊在冰封后可以阻止风浪作用,并且在低于水温的季节中,冰封可以使湖泊水体在阳光照射条件下保持高于外部环境的温度而有利于硅藻的生长。广盐性、真静水性硅藻Epithemia intermedia反映了这种湖泊长期冰封下静水特征。     

双氰胺对污泥堆肥过程中酶活性和细菌群落演变的影响

鉴于氮肥增效剂在农田中的保氮经验,研究其对堆肥中氮素的保持具有重要意义.因此,本研究以氮肥增效剂-双氰胺(Dicyandiamide,DCD)为添加剂,脱水污泥为堆肥原料,进行了 20 d的堆肥试验,探讨DCD对堆肥过程中氮素转化和酶活性变化及其细菌群落演变的影响.结果表明,DCD的添加降低了堆肥高温期的温度,延长了高...     

Measurement of HONO flux using the aerodynamic gradient method over an agricultural field in the Huaihe River Basin, China

To investigate nitrous acid(HONO) levels and potential HONO sources above crop rotation fields. The HONO fluxes were measured by the aerodynamic gradient(AG) method from 14 December 2019 to 2 January 2020 over an agricultural field in the Huaihe River Basin. The ambient HONO levels were measured at two different heights(0.15 and 1.5 m), showing a typical diurnal cycle with low daytime levels and high nighttime levels. The upward HONO fluxes were mostly observed during the day, whereas deposition...     

Isolation and identification of a bioflocculant-producing strain and optimisation of cultural conditions via a response surface model

A bioflocculant-producing strain named MY6-2 was isolated from a mixed activated sludge by a nitrogen-free medium. Based on 16S rDNA sequence, biochemical and morphological characteristics, the strain MY6-2 was identified as Bacillus mucilaginosus. The chemical analysis indicated that the flocculant MY6-2 was mainly composed of extracellular polysaccharide. The result of the composition of the medium showed that MY6-2 was able to generate bioflocculant in a nutrient-poor medium that consisted of 5?g?L^?1 sucrose and no nitrogen source. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise the fermentation condition of MY6-2 for maximum flocculating activity by using central composite design (CCD). Based on the result, the optimum conditions were as follows: 100?mL of broth in a 250?mL Erlenmeyer flask, initial pH 8.0 and inoculum concentration 10%, respectively. The highest flocculating rate of 90% was achieved under these conditions by adding 0.5?mL fermentation supernatant to 95?mL of Kaolin suspension.     

磷酸活化石墨的氧还原特性以及用于微生物燃料电池阴极

研究了磷酸活化对石墨电极上氧还原反应的影响,并考察了磷酸活化石墨材料应用于微生物燃料电池阴极的可行性。首先以循环伏安和电化学阻抗谱等电化学方法考察了经磷酸活化的石墨材料的氧还原能力,发现经质量分数为85%磷酸活化12 h后其氧还原能力最强;然后将活化石墨材料应用于微生物燃料电池的阴极,进行极化曲线和功率密度曲线的测定。结果表明,磷酸活化阴极微生物燃料电池的最大功率密度可达7.92 W/m3,为未活化石墨阴极微生物燃料电池的3.4倍;同时进行了电化学比表面积的测定及FTIR的分析测定,结果表明,磷酸活化石墨颗粒的比表面积(7.716m2/g)较未活化颗粒(10.940 m2/g)略有减小,但其表面官能团的数量和种类发生了很大变化。表面官能团的变化可能是导致石墨材料氧还原能力增强及MFCs产电性能提高的重要原因。     

挤压法制备Fe-Al-Ce复合氧化物颗粒除氟性能及地下水处理应用

利用粘结挤压法将Fe-Al-Ce复合氧化物粉末材料制备成颗粒材料(GFAC),进行表征、静态和动态吸附除氟性能评价和现场应用.结果显示,优选GFAC颗粒直径为1.6 mm,具有较高的压缩破坏强度33.80 N和除氟性能.GFAC颗粒对氟的吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学方程,吸附速率受膜扩散和内扩散共同控制;在pH 7.0±0.2条件下,GFAC颗粒对氟的饱和吸附容量达到51.28 mg/g(25℃,Langmuir等温吸附模型).不同空间流速(SV)下动态实验出水穿透(1mg/L)时对氟的累积吸附量分别为5.69mg/g (SV=1 h-1)、5.61mg/g (SV=2h-1)、2.83 mg/g (SV=5 h-1),高于常见活性氧化铝除氟剂(AA,1.77 mg/g,SV=1 h-1)及其他报道的颗粒除氟剂.GFAC颗粒在河北现场成功用于实际高氟地下水的处理,在原水氟浓度(3.7±0.3)mg/L和pH 8.0±0.2条件下,对氟的累计吸附量为3.16 mg/g,明显高于AA(0.83mg/g),具有较好的应用前景.     

Highly degradable chitosan-montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite hydrogel for controlled fertilizer release

● A controlled-release fertilizer was developed based on chitosan biopolymer scaffold. ● Chitosan-MMT scaffold achieved a well-controlled nutrient release. ● Highly water-absorbing chitosan-MMT hydrogels enhanced the soil water retention. ● Physically crosslinked chitosan-MMT hydrogels exhibited excellent degradability. Fertilizer consumption is increasing drastically along with the rapid expansion of farming in response to the ever-growing population. However, a significant portion of the nutrients in traditional fertilizers is lost during leaching and runoff causing economic loss and environmental threats. Polymer-modified controlled-release fertilizers provide an opportunity for mitigating adverse environmental effects and increasing the profitability of crop production. Here, we present a cheap and easy-to-fabricate controlled-release fertilizer excipient based on hydrogels scaffolded by safe and biodegradable chitosan and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclays. By introducing elastic and flexible physical crosslinking induced by 2-dimensional (2D) MMT nanoflakes into the chitosan hydrogel, highly swellable and degradable chitosan-MMT nanocomposites were fabricated. The addition of MMT into the chitosan hydrogels enhanced the total release of phosphorous (P) and potassium (K), from 22.0 % to 94.9 % and 9.6% to 31.4 %, respectively, compared to the pure chitosan gel. The chitosan-MMT nanocomposite hydrogel achieved a well-controlled overall fertilizer release in soil. A total of 55.3 % of loaded fertilizer was released over 15 d with a daily release of 2.8 %. For the traditional fertilizer podwer, 89.2 % of the fertilizer was washed out during the first irrigation under the same setup. In the meantime, the nanocomposites improved the water retention of the soil, thanks to its excellent water absorbency. Moreover, the chitosan-MMT nanocomposite hydrogels exhibited high degradation of 57 % after swelling in water for 20 d. Such highly degradable fertilizer excipient poses minimal threat to the long-term fertility of the soil. The engineered Chitosan-MMT biopolymer scaffold as a controlled-release fertilizer excipient provides a promising opportunity for advancing sustainable agriculture.     

无黏结剂ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其对甲苯的吸附性能

以硅溶胶为黏结剂,将粗孔硅胶、聚乙二醇、拟薄水铝石、ZSM-5晶种导向剂捏条成型,采用干胶转化法制备得到了无黏结剂ZSM-5分子筛。XRD和SEM等表征方法的结果显示,采用干胶转化法制备得到的ZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度较高,具有200nm左右的小晶粒构成的自支撑结构。采用无黏结剂ZSM-5分子筛吸附剂进行甲苯吸附-脱附实验,该吸附剂表现出良好的吸附性能,对甲苯的脱附性能优于活性炭。     

Zeolite/ZnAl-layer double hydroxides with different Zn/Al ratios and intercalated anions as the substrate of constructed wetlands: synthesis,characterization and purification effect of Hexavalent chromium

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The study aimed to synthesize novel zeolite substrates modified with four types of ZnAl-LDHs including Cl-LDHs(1:1), Cl-LDHs(3:1), CO3-LDHs(1:1), and...     

The double-edged role of the digital economy in firm green innovation: micro-evidence from Chinese manufacturing industry

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The digital economy, which gradually emerged with a new generation of information technologies, has become an unavoidable reality for manufacturing...