用电捕焦油法净化炭素焙烧炉烟气

论述了静电捕焦油器净化炭素厂焙烧炉烟气的工艺流程及技术参数 ,提出了确保系统正常运行的技术措施。使用静电捕焦油器后沥青烟排放浓度低于 5 0mg/m3 ,粉尘排放浓度降到 2 6mg/m3 。     

A hybrid inexact optimization approach for solid waste management in the city of Foshan,China

An interval-parameter two-stage chance-constraint mixed integer linear programming (ITCMILP) model is provided for supporting long-term planning of solid waste management in the City of Foshan, China. The ITCMILP is formulated by integrating interval-parameter, two-stage, mixed integer, and chance-constraint programming methods into a general framework, and can thus deal with multiple uncertainties associated with model parameters, constraints and objectives. Three scenarios are examined, covering combinations of various system conditions and waste management policies. Scenario 1 is designed for comparison purposes. Scenarios 2 and 3 correspond to situations when the existing landfill's life is to be extended. The results demonstrate that the centralized composting and incinerating facilities are desired for treating the organic waste flows. The tradeoff among system cost, violation risk, and the related policy implications are also analyzed. The results obtained could help decision makers gain in-depth insights into the impact of uncertainties on long-term solid waste management in the City of Foshan.     

Natural and synthesised iron-rich amendments for As and Pb immobilisation in agricultural soil

The immobilisation of heavy metals in contaminated soils is a promising alternative to conventional remediation techniques. Very few studies have focused on the use of iron-rich nanomaterials and natural materials for the adsorption of toxic metals in soils. Synthesised iron-rich nanomaterials (Fe and Zr–Fe oxides) and natural iron-rich materials (natural red earth; NRE) were used to immobilise As and Pb in contaminated agricultural soil. Total concentrations of As and Pb in the initial soil (as control) were 170.76 and 1945.11 mg kg^?1, respectively. Amendments were applied into the soil at 1, 2.5 and 5% (w/w) in triplicate and incubated for 150 days. Except for the NRE-amended soil, soil pH decreased from 5.6 to 4.9 with increasing application rates of Fe and Zr–Fe oxides. With addition of Fe and Zr–Fe oxides at 5%, the ammonium acetate (NHO₄Ac)-extractable Pb was greatly decreased by 83 and 65% compared with NRE addition (43%). All subjected amendments also led to a decrease in NHO₄Ac-extractable As in the soils, indicating the high capacity of As immobilisation. Soil amended with NRE showed a lower ratio of cy19:0 to 18:1ω7c, indicating decreased microbial stress. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure produced results similar to the NHO₄Ac extraction for As and Pb. The NRE addition is recommended for immobilising heavy metals and maintaining biological soil properties.     

Research progress on electromagnetic radiation in gas-containing coal and rock fracture and its applications

This paper reviews the status quo of the research on electromagnetic radiation in gas-containing coal and rock fracture. It focuses mainly on the electromagnetic radiation phenomena, the generation mechanism, characteristics, law of change and experimental applications in the field. Based on the authors’ research work in the past decade, detailed discussions are made with respect to the engineering applications of electromagnetic radiation spectrum, law of transmission and signal collection of gas-containing coal and rock. Furthermore, the paper gives the prospect of electromagnetic radiation effects in coal and rock fracture and its applications.     

煤矿工人常见的呼吸系统疾病及防护

文章介绍了煤矿工人常见的呼吸系统疾病,并从加强职业安全卫生监督、改革工艺、宣传教育、定期体检等多个方面提出了干预措施,为今后保障煤炭工人的健康提出科学依据。     

煤矸石的改性及其对稀土生产废水中氨氮的吸附

采用热改性、盐酸改性、硫酸改性、碱改性的方法分别制备了4种改性煤矸石吸附剂,研究了吸附工艺条件对4种改性煤矸石吸附剂对稀土生产废水中氨氮去除效果的影响以及吸附机理.实验结果表明:4种改性煤矸石吸附剂吸附氨氮的最佳工艺条件为:吸附剂加入量0.02 g/mL,振荡时间2.5 h,废水pH 7～8;4种吸附剂氨氮去除率大小顺序为:碱改性煤矸石＞硫酸改性煤矸石＞盐酸改性煤矸石＞热改性煤矸石;碱改性煤矸石的氨氮去除率最高,为59.19％;碱改性煤矸石吸附剂对含氨废水中氨氮的吸附较好地符合Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程,在一定程度上符合Temkin方程.     

碳酸氢根缓解高营养负荷下苦草（Vallisneria natans）胁迫的作用

富营养化湖泊沉水植物严重退化,可溶性无机碳DIC(Dissolved Inorganic Carbon)缺少是一个重要因素.本实验选择碳酸氢根形态DIC(HCO3-DIC)对苦草进行处理,设计了不同的HCO3-DIC添加晕(0、10、20mg·L-1)和营养水平N、P(N0.96、1.92、2.88、3.84mg·L-1,NH4--N:NO3--N=1:3,N:P=27)的交义实验,研究不同营养水平下HCO3--DIC对苦草(Vallisneria natans)的生理生态影响.实验证明,苦草幼苗在生长过程中可以不断吸收水体中的DIC,经15 d培养,培养液中DIC从16.91 mg·L-1下降到6.27 mg·L-1.21 d的实验结果显示,相同营养条件下高质量浓度HCO3--DIC组苦草相对生长率RGR(Relative Growthgate)高于其他组;无外加HCO3--DIC组过氧化物酶POD(peroxidase)活性随营养水平增加,从2.01 U·mg-1增至4.03 U·mg-1,相同营养水平下POD活性随HCO3--DIC增加而降低,说明水体营养水平的增高加剧了对苦草生长的胁迫,而HCO3--DIC大大减少和缓解了这种胁迫作用;中营养条件下,较低水平的HCO3--DIC质量浓度已经满足苦草叶绿素合成,而在重富营养时较高质量浓度的HCO3--DIC可以促进苦草叶绿素合成,缓解营养胁迫的黄化效应.研究揭示,水体HCO3--DIC增加可以缓解富营养化对沉水植物的胁迫作用.     

Manure sampling for nutrient analysis: variability and sampling efficacy

Reliable estimation of nutrient concentrations is required to manage animal manure for protecting waters while sustaining crop production. This study was conducted to investigate sample variability and reliable nutrient analysis for several manure types and handling systems. Serial samples were collected from dairy, swine, and broiler poultry operations while manure was being loaded onto hauler tanks or spreaders for field application. Samples were analyzed for total solids (TS), total nitrogen (N), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N), total phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The least number of samples needed for reliable testing of total N and P, defined as +/- 10% of the experimental means with 99% probability, was obtained for each farm using a computer-intensive random resampling technique. Sample variability within farms, expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV), was mostly 6 to 8% for farms that used agitation of manure storages but several times higher (20-30%) on farms where no agitation was applied during the sampling period. Results from the random resampling procedure indicated that for farms that used agitation, three to five samples were adequate for a representative composite for reliable testing of total N and P; whereas for farms without agitation, at least 40 samples would be required. Data also suggest that using book values for manure nutrient estimations could be problematic because the discrepancies between book standards and measured farm data varied widely from a small amount to several fold.     

Anaerobic benzene biodegradation by a pure bacterial culture of Bacillus cereus under nitrate reducing conditions

A pure culture using benzene as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated by screening procedure from gasoline contaminated soil. The analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence, morphological and physiological characteristics showed that the isolated strain was a member of genus Bacillus cereus. The biodegradation performance of benzene by B. cereus was evaluated, and the results showed that benzene could be e ciently biodegraded when the initial benzene concentration was below 150 mg/L. The metabolites of anaerobic nitrate-dependent benzene oxidation by strain B. cereus were identified as phenol and benzoate. The results of substrate interaction between binary combinations for benzene, phenol and benzoate showed that the simultaneous presence of benzene stimulated the degradation of benzoate, whereas the addition of benzene inhibited the degradation of phenol. Benzene degradation by B. cereus was enhanced by the addition of phenol and benzoate, the enhanced e ects were more pronounced at higher concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the isolated bacterial culture of B. cereus can e ciently degraded benzene under nitrate reducing conditions.     

Optimal recycle price game theory model for second-hand mobile phone recycling

Human societies develop rapidly through the advancement of technology; however, with these advancements, many problems are emerging. The topic chosen for this study surrounds the e-waste, which has become a major problem around the world. Second-hand and unused mobile phones are a big part of globally generated e-waste. If these devices are properly recycled, they can generate substantial economic and resource value. Yet if they are indiscriminately discarded, they cause a profound environmental impact. Given the current low recovery rate of mobile phones, an increase in recovery rates becomes critical in lessening economic and environmental impacts. Based on the status quo of second-hand mobile phone recycling processes in China, this article analyzes the behavior of individuals and recyclers through a comprehensive static information game theory and finds ways to increase the recycling rate of second-hand mobile phones. The study helps the customers, to clearly identify the recycle price. In case of market, the government policy can be introduced with a reward and punishment mechanism. Furthermore, under the ideological guidance of game theory, this paper also establishes a corresponding price model of second-hand mobile phone recycling based on best response dynamics like search, variable neighborhood search, and hybrid meta-heuristic method. This model shows that the recovery time differences have a significant impact on the recovery price. Moreover, to an extent, this model can promote the possibility and initiative of customers choosing cell phone recycling.