Fe3O4/CS磁性纳米绒球高效吸附水体中的五氯酚钠

采用溶剂热法成功制备了具有新型形貌的Fe3O4/CS单分散磁性纳米绒球。选取Fe3O4/CS纳米绒球作为磁性吸附剂,研究了其脱除水中五氯酚钠(PCP-Na)的吸附性能。吸附平衡实验表明,Fe3O4/CS吸附脱除PCP-Na的吸附过程能在30 min以内迅速实现吸附平衡,且对于初始浓度为100 mg/L、初始pH为6.5的PCP-Na溶液,在25℃吸附条件下能使溶液中的PCP-Na去除率高达91.5%。吸附等温线和吸附动力学研究表明,Fe3O4/CS吸附脱除PCP-Na的吸附过程属于放热反应,遵循Langmuir吸附模型,符合Lagergren二级动力学方程。此外,在完成吸附过程后,通过一块永久磁铁即能从吸附溶剂中迅速分离出Fe3O4/CS,从而实现吸附剂的有效分离和重复利用,显示了该磁性吸附剂的优越性和用于实际废水处理的潜力。     

利用质子化的水杨醛接枝壳聚糖吸附水中硫酸根

以水杨醛（邻羟基苯甲醛）接枝壳聚糖为基础制备出质子化改性壳聚糖,研究其对硫酸根离子（SO24-）的吸附性能。通过静态吸附实验进行了吸附条件的优化以及吸附等温方程研究,用扫描电镜（SEM）和红外光谱（FTIR）对产物进行了表征,并对吸附机理进行了初步探讨。优化的吸附条件为：吸附时间为40min,SO24-溶液初始浓度500mg／L,pH值为5．0,反应温度为35℃;吸附等温方程研究表明,吸附过程符合Langmuir型,吸附容量为107．53mg／g。SEM和红外光谱分析表明：SO24- 主要是被吸附到壳聚糖的氨基上的。     

)]发光细菌法在水质综合毒性在线检测中的应用

以海洋发光细菌费氏弧菌(Vibrio fischeri)作为检测生物,采用冻干菌粉快速复苏技术,研究费氏弧菌在水质检测中的最佳测试温度和有效性测试条件,并对硫酸锌等多种毒物和几种实际水样进行发光抑制作用分析。研究表明,费氏弧菌冻干粉复苏菌液保存在2~5℃条件下能有效测试7 d,最佳测试温度为15℃,最佳测试时间为15 min。氯化汞、硫酸锌、硫酸镉等重金属和苯胺、多菌灵、甲醛等有机毒物对费氏弧菌均具有较强的光抑制作用,也即费氏弧菌对以上毒物较为敏感,并能够连续7 d保持对同一浓度硫酸锌的敏感性较为一致。对几种实际水样的测试和分析表明,以费氏弧菌为指示生物的发光细菌法能够应用于水质环境安全的综合毒性在线监测预警中。     

Water Transport in Polylactide and Polylactide/Montmorillonite Composites

Polylactide–montmorillonite composites were fabricated by melt-blending followed by compression molding, and water permeability of the composites was studied by both experiments and theoretical models. The water permeation in composites decreases with increasing concentration of montmorillonite. Specifically, at a concentration of 10 wt% of montmorillonite, the water permeation is 34 % less than in the neat polymer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) results show that most of the montmorillonite particles are well-dispersed and randomly exfoliated in the polymer matrix. A fit of theoretical models to the permeation data estimates that montmorillonite platelets are mostly exfoliated in the polymer matrix and oriented randomly, which matches with results from WAXS and TEM.     

Suitability Analysis for Greenway Planning in China: An Example of Chongming Island

Suitability analysis for greenway planning was developed in the Western culture. When applying a suitability analysis to a very different sociocultural context such as China, it is necessary to identify what hinders or promotes it. Through an example of Chongming Island, this article demonstrates how to apply a suitability analysis for greenway planning in China. Furthermore, it argues that obstacles including a lack of data, peculiarity of capability scores within land use and a neglect of scientific group involvement are encountered in the process of applying suitability methods in Chongming or China. Early and sustained attention to such impediments could improve the success of suitability assessment in China. These research results are helpful for the planning and implementation of Chongming greenways.     

回收电解锰渣中的可溶性锰

以电解锰渣滤液为实验原料,研究了利用二氧化碳和氨水回收锰渣滤液中可溶性锰的工艺,实验结果表明:当n(氨水):n(可溶性锰)为2.50、二氧化碳曝气流量为50 L/h、曝气时间为5 min、振荡时间为60 min时,可溶性锰回收率达75%以上;对沉淀物进行X射线衍射分析,碳酸锰纯度接近100%。1kg电解锰渣可回收27 mg碳酸锰。     

含油污泥热解的影响因素初探＊

以含油污泥"无害化"为目的,考察了温度、升温速率及含水率对热解反应效果的影响。实验结果表明:温度越高,热解剩余残渣率和残渣含油率越低,热解产气率越高;含油污泥中有机质发生热解反应的主要温度为350～500℃和575～625℃,若热解残渣含油率控制在3.0‰以下,热解温度选择600℃较为适宜;升温速率对热解产气率、剩余残渣率和残渣含油率基本无影响,但升温速率越快,热解反应的产气量曲线峰越向前迁移,热解反应的时间缩短;含油污泥含水率越低,则热解产气率及残渣率越高,但含水率对残渣含油率和热解反应时间无影响。     

中国石油HSE专业标准化工作探讨

简要回顾了中国石油HSE标准化工作的历程,综合分析了HSE标准化工作面临的形势任务,对改进中国石油HSE标准化工作思路进行了探讨,明确了指导思想、遵循原则、重点工作,并提出做好HSE标准化工作要处理好四个方面关系的原则。     

Dynamics of mercury fluxes and their controlling factors in large Hg-polluted floodplain areas

Environmental pollution by mercury (Hg) is a considerable environmental problem world-wide. Due to the occurrence of Hg volatilization from their soils, floodplains can function as an important source of volatile Hg. Soil temperature and soil water content related to flood dynamics are considered as important factors affecting seasonal dynamics of total gaseous mercury (TGM) fluxes. We quantified seasonal variations of TGM fluxes and conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment to assess the effect of temperature and moisture on TGM fluxes in heavily polluted floodplain soils. Observed TGM emissions ranged from 10 to 850 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ and extremely exceeded the emissions of non-polluted sites. TGM emissions increased exponentially with raised air and soil temperatures in both field (R²: 0.49-0.70) and laboratory (R²: 0.99) experiments. Wet soil material showed higher TGM fluxes, whereas the role of soil water content was affected by sampling time during the microcosm experiments.     

生态功能区划在县域可持续发展指标体系中的应用

在分析县域可持续发展指标体系特点的基础上,从生态功能区划依据的原则、目标等方面,深入论述了生态功能区划在县域可持续发展指标体系中的三方面作用,提出了应用生态功能区划结果对某一区域内不同县域的可持续发展状况分类别进行评价的观点。