假交替单胞菌对EH40/B10电偶腐蚀的影响

目的研究假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonassp.,P.sp.)对EH40/B10电偶腐蚀的影响。方法利用电化学工作站测试EH40/B10电偶电流、电偶电位及开路电位,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜分别观察浸泡21天后EH40、B10表面的腐蚀形貌和生物膜,并且测定体系的溶解氧浓度、pH和P.sp.的数量。结果无菌体系的电偶电流远大于有菌体系,无菌体系的理论驱动电压也大于有菌体系。从腐蚀形貌来看,无菌体系中偶接B10比未偶接腐蚀得轻,而在有菌体系中是否偶接对EH40和B10的腐蚀形貌影响不大。无菌体系的溶解氧浓度远高于有菌体系,且有菌体系的pH比无菌体系低。结论 EH40/B10在无菌体系中的电偶腐蚀速率远大于在有菌体系,主要是因为P.sp.呼吸作用消耗氧气以及在电极表面形成生物膜从而抑制了电偶腐蚀。此外,在无菌体系中偶接B10受到了阴极保护,比未偶接腐蚀得轻,而在有菌体系中,是否偶接对EH40和B10的腐蚀影响不大,电偶腐蚀效应不明显。     

大气氟污染与树木叶片含氟量的相关关系

本文利用大气氟污染对树木叶片含氟量的影响,分析了二者之间的相互关系,指出树木叶片吸收氟量和不同生育期累积氟量与大气氟浓度有显著相关性,应用建立的回归方程,只要测得树木叶片含氟量就能定量监测大气污染,并能评价和划分某污染区的污染度等级。     

HCO-3碱度对铜绿微囊藻生长与光合活性的影响

研究了23 mM (ALK23)和124 mM (ALK124) HCO-3对铜绿微囊藻(〖WTBX〗Microcystis aeruginosa〖WTBZ〗 FACHB 927)生长与光合特性的影响。实验结果表明,ALK23显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,至培养结束,与对照相比对生物量的抑制率为38%,ALK124条件下虽然至培养结束生物量没有显著变化,但碱度增加铜绿微囊藻生物量有一个快速的增殖期,之后其生长速率持续下降。碱度增加强烈抑制光合色素Chla的合成,ALK23和ALK124条件下对Chla含量抑制率分别为74％和56％。藻胆蛋白与叶绿素a的比值（PBP/Chla）在碱度增加的条件下有显著升高。HCO-3碱度增加,铜绿微囊藻的光合活性先降低之后逐渐恢复,至处理结束表现出低碱度（ALK23）促进光合活性,高碱度（ALK124）对光合活性影响不显著。说明HCO-3碱度增加对铜绿微囊藻有一定伤害作用,与高碱度（ALK124）相比,低碱度（ALK23）对细胞的伤害程度更大,随着细胞的增殖,碱度对细胞的伤害作用逐渐恢复,且低碱度下细胞恢复更快。暗示碱度可以作为水华控制的手段之一.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区土地生态安全警情研究

土地生态安全研究是当前土地可持续利用研究的前沿课题。为了确保土地生态安全,就必须对土地生态安全系统预警进行研究。结合预警理论,从压力 状态 社会响应3方面构建了土地生态安全预警指标体系,运用物元模型对鄱阳湖生态经济区2001~ 2008年的土地生态安全的警情进行分析。结果显示：2001年鄱阳湖生态经济区土地生态安全警情为轻警状态;2002~ 2004年处于中警状态;2005~ 2006年下降为重警状态;2007~ 2008年土地生态安全警情状况有所好转,处于中警状态。通过研究表明,利用物元模型进行区域土地生态安全预警研究是可行的,具有计算简便、意义明确、评价精度高等优点,可为土地生态安全预警研究提供了另一种途径     

GDZ型锅炉烟气脱硫除尘脱水雾装置

文章介绍适用中小型燃煤锅炉的ＧＤＺ型锅炉了脱硫除尘设备,它在设计思路上是全新的,原理上突破目前所采取的使用大量水喷淋水循环的模式。具有体积小,吵采取水循环,处理费用低、集脱硫、除尘、脱水雾为一体,处理效率高,耐磨抗腐蚀的特点,是有较强的生命力,很有发展前任的环保产品。     

Atmospheric emissions of F,As, Se,Hg, and Sb from coal-fired power and heat generation in China

Coal is one of the major energy resources in China, with nearly half of produced Chinese coal used for power and heat generation. The large use of coal for power and heat generation in China may result in significant atmospheric emissions of toxic volatile trace elements (i.e. F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb). For the purpose of estimating the atmospheric emissions from coal-fired power and heat generation in China, a simple method based on coal consumption, concentration and emission factor of trace element was adopted to calculate the gaseous emissions of elements F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb. Results indicate that about 162 161, 236, 637, 172, and 33 t F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb, respectively, were introduced into atmosphere from coal combustion by power and heat generation in China in 2009. The atmospheric emissions of F, As, Se, Hg, and Sb by power and heat generation increased from 2005 to 2009 with increasing coal consumptions.     

Biocultural diversity in traditional rice-based agroecosystems: indigenous research and conservation of mavo (Oryza sativa L.) upland rice landraces of eastern Indonesia

Traditional crop landraces play dynamic roles in the expression of native biological and cultural diversity via their central position in the genetic resource base, agroecosystems and social heritage of indigenous peoples. Farmer varieties provide farmers with an “agricultural survival kit” for household welfare and for adaptation to changing conditions. These varieties meet local cultural practices and environmental constraints, and play an intrinsic role in cultural survival by constituting a living repository of ancestral customs including cultivar-specific recipes, songs, handicrafts, stories of origin, and unique planting, harvesting, processing, and storage rituals and techniques. The centrality of rice in Southeast Asian agricultural and social systems, contrasted with the significant erosion of rice-based biological and cultural diversity in native communities, calls for increased attention to the links between traditional rice varieties and indigenous rice-based customs. This study represents the research efforts of rice farmers pertaining to the Tado clan, a Kempo Manggarai community on Flores␣Island, in association with USA academicians. Research results demonstrate: (i) a complex suite of upland rice-based ethnobotanical traditions; (ii) significant and␣dynamic regional flux and dissemination of “old” and “new” landraces; (iii)␣community-level maintenance of distinct genotypes across a range of microenvironments; (iv) localized “extinctions” of ancestral landraces within 1–2 generations and a concomitant loss of related traditions; and (v) the contributions of a collaborative (indigenous and academic) approach to ethnographic and agronomic research.     

Optimization for solidification of low-level-radioactive resin using Taguchi analysis

Solidification of low-level-radioactive (LLW) resin was optimized using Taguchi analytical methodology. The ingredients in LLW mortar which caused the solidification of cement were evaluated through consecutive measurements of the effects of various concentrations of ingredients. Samples selected according to Taguchi's method were separated into 18 different categories and measured at the 7th, 21st, and 28th day after fabrication on developing effects. Evaluations of the various samples focused on whether the compressive and bending strength fulfilled the special criteria of the Taiwan Power Company (TPC). Similar results indicated that both furnace slag and fly ash were the dominant material resulting from the solidification of LLW mortar. The superior combination was obtained as furnace slag 24 wt.%, fly ash 24 wt.%, and cement 8 wt.% to mix 24 wt.% of resin with 20 wt.% of water, to fulfill the contemporary requirements of TPC.     

FeS2/生物炭复合材料对As(Ⅲ)吸附和氧化去除的性能研究

为解决水体As（Ⅲ）污染问题，本实验采用炭化沼渣废物耦合水热反应开发了一种新型生物炭基FeS₂复合材料（FeS₂/BC）。应用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM），X射线衍射技术（XRD）和比表面积分析仪对FeS₂/BC进行表征；探究了不同FeS₂/BC质量比，反应时间，As（Ⅲ）初始浓度以及过硫酸盐（PS）剂量等对As（Ⅲ）吸附和氧化去除的影响。结果表明FeS₂成功地负载于沼渣BC上；在相同As（Ⅲ）吸附条件下，含FeS₂较多的复合材料（FeS₂/BC（1∶1））具有最大的As（Ⅲ）吸附性能（84.5%），该吸附过程兼具单层和多层化学吸附；FeS₂/BC（1∶1）复合材料活化PS氧化去除As（Ⅲ）的最佳PS剂量为200 μmol/L；在PS存在条件下，FeS₂/BC（1∶1）在短时间内（30 min）去除As（Ⅲ）的速率为0.083 5 min^-1，即实现了"1+1>2"的聚力效应，又缩短了As（Ⅲ）修复进程。因此，基于沼渣制备的FeS₂/BC复合材料在水体As（Ⅲ）吸附和氧化去除上效果明显，是一种有前景的As（Ⅲ）修复材料。     

Lead in Chinese coals: distribution,modes of occurrence,and environmental effects

Lead (Pb) has gained much attention since the 1970s because of its potential and cumulative toxicity. As one of the most hazardous elements in coals, Pb can be released into the environment during coal mining, processing, and utilization. This study presents a synthesis on the abundance, distribution, modes of occurrence, and environmental impacts of Pb in Chinese coals. Using the expected coal reserves as the weighting factor and based on the previously published Pb content in 4,304 coal samples (including results obtained in our laboratory) from main coalfields or coal mines in China, the weighted mean Pb content in Chinese coals is 13.0 μg/g, which is higher than that of the American coals (11 μg/g) and average world coals (7.8 μg/g). With respect to regional distribution of Pb in Chinese coals, Pb content can be arbitrarily divided into three groups (<20, 20–40, >40 μg/g). Following this classification, coals from Tibet have the highest average Pb content (128.94 μg/g). The abundance of Pb in coals varies with coal-forming periods and coal ranks, with the late Triassic and higher rank coals having the highest Pb content, which could be ascribed to regional geochemical differences and later geological evolution as well as magma hydrothermal activities. The enrichment of Pb in coals is influenced by several geological factors, including coal-forming plants, source rocks, hydrothermal fluid, and depositional environment. Pb, dominantly associates with sulfide minerals, especially galena in coals. During coal combustion or pyrolysis, Pb is partly emitted into the atmosphere and partly partitioned to solid residues. Accumulation of Pb from coal utilization in human body could lead to a range of health problems and increase the risk of cancer.