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991.
Joanne Rodríguez Pérez Susana Loureiro Salomé Menezes Patrícia Palma Rosa M. Fernandes Isabel R. Barbosa Amadeu M. V. M. Soares 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):688-702
Background, aim, and scope
Alqueva Reservoir is the biggest artificial freshwater reservoir in Europe and is an important water supply for human and agricultural consumption in the Alentejo region (Portugal). Pollution can impair environmental and human health status, and to assure water quality and ecological balance, it is crucial to frequently monitor water supplies. In this study, we used an ecotoxicological test battery to identify the potential toxicity of water from this reservoir. 相似文献992.
Patricia Zazeri Leite Tatiana Cristina Stefani Margarido Daína de Lima Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres Eduardo Alves de Almeida 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(8):1411-1421
Purpose
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are among the most used insecticides in agriculture, causing the inhibition of esterases like acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE). Pesticides can reach the aquatic environment, posing risks to non-target organisms, including tadpoles. 相似文献993.
Teresa Rocha-Santos Filipe Ferreira Lurdes Silva Ana Cristina Freitas Ruth Pereira Mário Diniz Luísa Castro Isabel Peres Armando Costa Duarte 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(4):866-874
Background, aim and scope
Pulp and paper mills generate a plethora of pollutants depending upon the type of pulping process. Efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of such effluents have been made by developing more effective biological treatment systems in terms of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, colour and lignin content. This study is the first that reports an evaluation of the effects of a tertiary treatment by fungi (Pleurotus sajor caju, Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Rhizopus oryzae) on individual organic compounds of a Eucalyptus globulus bleached kraft pulp and paper mill final effluent after secondary treatment (final effluent). 相似文献994.
Juan M. González Benítez J. Neil Cape Mathew R. Heal 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(12):1506-1514
Simultaneous daily measurements of water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON), ammonium and nitrate were made between July and November 2008 at a rural location in south-east Scotland, using a ‘Cofer’ nebulizing sampler for the gas phase and collection on an open-face PTFE membrane for the particle phase. Average concentrations of NH3 were 82 ± 17 nmol N m?3 (error is s.d. of triplicate samples), while oxidised N concentrations in the gas phase (from trapping NO2 and HNO3) were smaller, at 2.6 ± 2.2 nmol N m?3, and gas-phase WSON concentrations were 18 ± 11 nmol N m?3. The estimated collection efficiency of the nebulizing samplers for the gas phase was 88 (±8) % for NH3, 37 (±16) % for NO2 and 57 (±7) % for WSON; reported average concentrations have not been corrected for sampling efficiency. Concentrations in the particle phase were smaller, except for nitrate, at 21 ± 9, 10 ± 6 and 8 ± 9 nmol N m?3, respectively. The absence of correlation in either phase between WSON and either (NH3 + NH4+) or NO3? concentrations suggests atmospheric WSON has diverse sources. During wet days, concentrations of gas and particle-phase inorganic N were lower than on dry days, whereas the converse was true for WSON. These data represent the first reports of simultaneous measurements of gas and particle phase water-soluble nitrogen compounds in rural air on a daily basis, and show that WSON occurs in both phases, contributing 20–25% of the total water-soluble nitrogen in air, in good agreement with earlier data on the contribution of WSON to total dissolved N in rainfall in the UK. 相似文献
995.
Esther Coz Begoña Artíñano Lisa M. Clark Mark Hernandez Allen L. Robinson Gary S. Casuccio Traci L. Lersch Spyros N. Pandis 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(32):3952-3962
Scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) was used to quantify individual bioparticles in PM2.5 samples collected during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study. Microscopy-based estimates of primary biogenic organic aerosol (PBOA) mass were compared to carbohydrate mass associated with PM2.5. Carbohydrates show substantial seasonal variations, with higher concentrations in the spring and the fall. During the summer, carbohydrates were about 30% of the estimated PBOA concentrations, but in the winter carbohydrate concentrations often greatly exceeded the PBOA mass estimate. Spores and insect detritus were the most abundant PBOA types in the summer samples, while winter samples were comprised predominantly of a mixture of microorganisms, insect and vegetative detritus. During the summer PBOA contributed on average 6.9 ± 5.4% by mass of the PM2.5 versus 3.3 ± 1.4% of the PM2.5 mass during the winter. 相似文献
996.
Jorge Pey Andrés Alastuey Xavier Querol Sergio Rodríguez 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(38):4879-4890
Different monitoring parameters (PM mass concentrations, number–size distribution, black carbon, gaseous pollutants, and chemical composition, among others) are currently used in air quality studies. Urban aerosols are the result of several sources and atmospheric processes, which suggests that a single monitoring technique is insufficient to quantitatively evaluate all of them.This study assesses the suitability of a number of monitoring techniques (PM mass concentrations, number and size distribution of ultra-fine particles, levels of gaseous pollutants, and a complete chemical characterization of PM10 and PM2.5) by examining the response of those techniques to the different emission sources and/or atmospheric processes affecting an urban Mediterranean area (Barcelona, NE Spain).The results of this work reveal that the PM mass, the number concentration and the chemical composition give different, but complementary, information. Whereas the mineral matter, a key atmospheric aerosol component across the Mediterranean, is not properly quantitatively assessed by measuring sub-micrometric particles, the monitoring of the number concentration is indispensable to interpret the origin of specific aerosol episodes. Furthermore, the chemical composition yields very relevant information to deduce the causes of specific pollution episodes.The number concentration of ultra-fine particles in urban areas is strongly dependent upon vehicle exhaust emissions, which may cause adverse health impacts. Moreover, urban Mediterranean environments are favourable to produce nucleation-mode particles (<20 nm) with photochemical origin. In those cases, these particles are expected to be of high solubility and consequently their toxicity may differ from that of traffic-generated ultra-fine particles. Thus, the use of a single monitoring parameter to evaluate the health effects seems to be not enough. 相似文献
997.
Notario A Díaz-de-Mera Y Aranda A Adame JA Parra A Romero E Parra J Muñoz F 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(1):186-200
Purpose
The purpose of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the photochemical air pollution analysing the levels and temporal variations of surface ozone in two rural areas situated in central-southern Spain. 相似文献998.
Ocampo-Duque W Juraske R Kumar V Nadal M Domingo JL Schuhmacher M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(4):983-999
Purpose
A conceptual model to assess water quality in river basins was developed here. The model was based on ecological risk assessment principles, and incorporated a novel ranking and scoring system, based on self-organizing maps, to account for the likely ecological hazards posed by the presence of chemical substances in freshwater. This approach was used to study the chemical pollution in the Ebro River basin (Spain), whose currently applied environmental indices must be revised in terms of scientific accuracy. 相似文献999.
Sánchez B Sánchez-Muñoz M Muñoz-Vicente M Cobas G Portela R Suárez S González AE Rodríguez N Amils R 《Chemosphere》2012,87(6):625-630
The photocatalytic elimination of microorganisms from indoor air in realistic conditions and the feasibility of simultaneous elimination of chemical contaminants have been studied at laboratory scale. Transparent polymeric monoliths have been coated with sol-gel TiO(2) films and used as photocatalyst to treat real indoor air in a laboratory-scale single-step annular photocatalytic reactor. The analytical techniques used to characterize the air quality and analyze the results of the photocatalytic tests were: colony counting, microscopy and PCR with subsequent sequencing for microbial quantification and identification; automated thermal desorption coupled to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection for chemical analysis. The first experiments performed proved that photocatalysis based on UVA-irradiated TiO(2) for the reduction of the concentration of bacteria in the air could compete with the conventional photolytic treatment with UVC radiation, more expensive and hazardous. Simultaneously to the disinfection, the concentration of volatile organic compounds was greatly reduced, which adds value to this technology for real applications. The fungal colony number was not apparently modified. 相似文献
1000.
Acker CI Souza AC Dos Santos MP Mazzanti CM Nogueira CW 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3481-3490