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341.
Nogueira L Sanches AL da Silva DG Ferrizi VC Moreira AB de Almeida EA 《Chemosphere》2011,85(1):97-105
Fossil fuels such as diesel are being gradually replaced by biodiesel, a renewable energy source, cheaper and less polluting. However, little is known about the toxic effects of this new energy source on aquatic organisms. Thus, we evaluated biochemical biomarkers related to oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after two and seven exposure days to diesel and pure biodiesel (B100) and blends B5 and B20 at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 mL L−1. The hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was highly induced in all groups, except for those animals exposed to B100. There was an increase in lipid peroxidation in liver and gills in the group exposed to the higher concentration of B5. All treatments caused a significant increase in the levels of 1-hydroxypyrene excreted in the bile after 2 and 7 d, except for those fish exposed to B100. The hepatic glutathione-S-transferase increased after 7 d in animals exposed to the higher concentration of diesel and in the gill of fish exposed to the higher concentration of pure diesel and B5, but decreased for the two tested concentrations of B100. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase also presented significant changes according to the treatments for all groups, including B100. Biodiesel B20 in the conditions tested had fewer adverse effects than diesel and B5 for the Nile tilapia, and can be suggested as a less harmful fuel in substitution to diesel. However, even B100 could activate biochemical responses in fish, at the experimental conditions tested, indicating that this fuel can also represent a risk to the aquatic biota. 相似文献
342.
Ecotoxicity evaluation of selected sulfonamides 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Białk-Bielińska A Stolte S Arning J Uebers U Böschen A Stepnowski P Matzke M 《Chemosphere》2011,85(6):928-933
Sulfonamides (SAs) are a group of antibiotic drugs widely used in veterinary medicine. The contamination of the environment by these pharmaceuticals has raised concern in recent years. However, knowledge of their (eco)toxicity is still very basic and is restricted to just a few of these substances. Even though their toxicological analysis has been thoroughly performed and ecotoxicological data are available in the literature, a systematic analysis of their ecotoxicological potential has yet to be carried out. To fill this gap, 12 different SAs were chosen for detailed analysis with the focus on different bacteria as well as non-target organisms (algae and plants). A flexible (eco)toxicological test battery was used, including enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and glutathione reductase), luminescent marine bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), soil bacteria (Arthrobacter globiformis), limnic unicellular green algae (Scenedesmus vacuolatus) and duckweed (Lemna minor), in order to take into account both the aquatic and terrestrial compartments of the environment, as well as different trophic levels. It was found that SAs are not only toxic towards green algae (EC50 = 1.54-32.25 mg L−1) but have even stronger adverse effect on duckweed (EC50 = 0.02-4.89 mg L−1) than atrazine - herbicide (EC50 = 2.59 mg L−1). 相似文献
343.
Quantification of nitrate leaching from German forest ecosystems by use of a process oriented biogeochemical model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kiese R Heinzeller C Werner C Wochele S Grote R Butterbach-Bahl K 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(11):3204-3214
Simulations with the process oriented Forest-DNDC model showed reasonable to good agreement with observations of soil water contents of different soil layers, annual amounts of seepage water and approximated rates of nitrate leaching at 79 sites across Germany. Following site evaluation, Forest-DNDC was coupled to a GIS to assess nitrate leaching from German forest ecosystems for the year 2000. At national scale leaching rates varied in a range of 0–>80 kg NO3–N ha−1 yr−1 (mean 5.5 kg NO3–N ha−1 yr−1). A comparison of regional simulations with the results of a nitrate inventory study for Bavaria showed that measured and simulated percentages for different nitrate leaching classes (0–5 kg N ha−1 yr−1:66% vs. 74%, 5–15 kg N ha−1 yr−1:20% vs. 20%, >15 kg N ha−1 yr−1:14% vs. 6%) were in good agreement. Mean nitrate concentrations in seepage water ranged between 0 and 23 mg NO3–N l−1. 相似文献
344.
Wang J Hülck K Hong SM Atkinson S Li QX 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):71-77
The western stock of the Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) in the northern Pacific Ocean has declined by approximately 80% over the past 30 years. This led to the listing of this sea lion population as an endangered species in 1997. Chemical pollution is a one of several contributing causes. In the present study, 145 individual PCBs were determined in tissues of male sea lions from Tatitlek (Prince William Sound) and St. Paul Island (Bering Sea), and placentae from the Aleutian Islands. PCBs 90/101, 118, and 153 were abundant in all the samples. The mean toxic equivalents (TEQ) were 2.6, 4.7 and 7.4 pg/g lw in the kidney, liver, and blubber samples, respectively. The mean TEQ in placentae was 8 pg/g lw. Total PCBs concentrations (2.6-7.9 μg/g lw) in livers of some males were within a range known to cause physiological effects. Further suggesting the possibility of adverse effects on this stock. 相似文献
345.
346.
The effect of ambient air pollution with increased ozone concentrations on the feeding behaviour of the beech weevil Rhynchaenus fagi L. was studied. In a dual choice feeding test the beech weevil preferred leaf disks from beech saplings exposed to ambient air against those from filtered air in 65.5% of all cases. 相似文献
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349.
Heinz Rüdel Winfried Schröder Karl Theo von der Trenck Gerhard Andreas Wiesmüller 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(5):486-498
Background Due to the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive and other legal regulations (e.g., national laws like the German
Federal Soil Protection Act), but also due to the implementation of the new EU chemicals management system REACH, environmental
monitoring will gain increasing importance for the surveillance of environmental quality as well as for the assessment of
chemicals. Against this background, the Work Group on ‘Environmental Monitoring’ of the Division of ‘Environmental Chemistry
and Ecotoxicology’ within the German Chemical Society has compiled a position paper on substance-related environmental monitoring.
Scope Core elements of this position paper are the definitions of important terms like monitoring, exposure monitoring, effect monitoring,
and integrated monitoring. Moreover, temporal and spatial aspects (monitoring of spatial distributions, trend monitoring,
and retrospective monitoring) and their applications are discussed. The main focus of this position paper is the coverage
of aspects which have to be observed for the preparation and implementation of a monitoring program. Essential is the clear
specification of the targets of the monitoring which determine the development of the monitoring concept and its realization,
e.g., if environmental media (compartments) or organisms are most appropriate as samples for the aim of the study. Of course,
also the properties of the target substances are important (e.g., lipophilicity/bioaccumulation as pre-requisite for an exposure
monitoring with organisms). Finally, the monitoring phases of sample planning, sampling, storage and transport of samples,
selection of analytical methods, quality assurance measures as well as reporting are discussed.
Perspectives An important issue for the future is to link the quantification of chemicals in environmental compartments (exposure and pollution
monitoring) more closely to the study of biological effects (effect monitoring) than has been the case up to now. Furthermore,
by inclusion of a spatial differentiation, a comprehensive evaluation of the state of an ecosystem can be obtained and the
relevance of the results improved. Practical examples of monitoring studies which illustrate various aspects covered in this
position paper will be presented in a series of publications by members of the Work Group in the following issues of this
journal.
相似文献
Gerhard Andreas WiesmüllerEmail: |
350.
Kristin Quednow Wilhelm Püttmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(6):630-640