Passivsammler zur Wasseruntersuchung

Zusammenfassung  Durch r?umlich integrale Bestimmung der Schadstofffrachten [1] und zeitlich integrales Monitoring mit Schadstoff-Dosimetern [1] l?sst sich Topographie und Bewegung von Schadstofffahnen im Grundwasser bestimmen. Konventionelle Methoden der Entnahme und Untersuchung von Wasserproben sind ungeeignet zur Erfüllung dieser Anforderungen. Sorptionsaktive Passivsammler, die für entsprechende Untersuchungen in der Gasphase konzipiert sind, eignen sich nicht zur Aquiferuntersuchung. Die Passivsammler zur Untersuchung im ungest?rten Aquifer sind zentraler Bestandteil eines Systems von Probenahme- und Messsonden, das die Autoren für das Monitoring chemischer und hydraulischer Wasser-Parameter entwickelt haben. Mit den Passivsammlern lassen sich die relativen Schadstofffrachten in beliebig enger tiefenorientierter Anordnung der Messpunkte und auch zeitlich integriert zur Gewinnung von vertikalen relativen Schadstofffracht-Profilen ermitteln. Organische und anorganische relative Schadstofffrachten k?nnen damit bestimmt werden. Die gaiasafe-Passivsammler sind einfach handhabbar und lassen sich nach standardisierten chemischen Analysenmethoden auswerten. Damit erfüllen sie eine Reihe wesentlicher Anforderungen an das zielführende Monitoring von Schadstofffahnen. Die Passivsammler sind auch geeignet für die In-situ-Untersuchung von ruhigen und bewegten Gew?ssern auch in gro?er Tiefe z.B. Abw?sserkan?le, Kl?ranlagen, Flüsse und Meere und insbesondere zum Nachweis von Kontaminanten und Spurenstoffen in Wasserproben. Online First: 10. 01. 2001     

Environmental perceptions of Irish and Bavarian pupils: an empirical study

The present study deals with the evaluation of environmental/ecological perceptions of secondary school pupils. It has two major objectives. Firstly, to administer a measurement instrument to explore ecological/environmental perceptions for a sample of approximately 900 Irish secondary school pupils aged between 12 and 16 years. The operation and use of three subscales, environmental behaviour, utilization of nature and consideration for conservation, was based on a previous study undertaken in Bavaria, but its structure, dimensionality and reliability was further assessed using psychometric procedures. Secondly, the study monitored the differences in these dimensions between Irish and Bavarian pupils. Common items within the subscale structure were selected from both samples to form a truncated item selection and to function subsequently as the basis for the final factor analysis applied to the combined Irish–Bavarian sample. Comparisons on this basis indicated substantial differences in attitudes and environmental behaviour between pupils from both regions: the Irish sample favoured less conservational values, but more patronage for the utilization of nature and it revealed less willingness to take and plan action in individual environmental behaviour. In addition, the Irish sample disclosed a significantly greater gender difference in the two subscales.     

Photodynamic action of some sensitizers by photooxidation of luminol

We report the development of a novel simple experimental method which allows the comparison of new photosensitizers based on their production of reactive oxygen species. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay permits the monitoring of several substances (sensitizer, reactant and oxidized end product) simultaneously on a single chromatogram. Photoreactions were monitored throughout their course by the HPLC assay surveying the sensitizers' efficiency of singlet oxygen production by the oxidative decomposition of luminol. Several photosensitizers were tested: Rose Bengal, Methylene Blue, Protoporphyrin IX, Photosan III, Photofrin, Hypericin and Pseudohypericin. Additionally, photoreactions were monitored by a standard pO₂ detection system. The measurements of the two detection methods were strongly correlated. Rose Bengal proved to be the most efficient photosensitizer, clearly decreasing the luminol concentration and causing a corresponding increase in aminophthalic acid. Our experiments show that when factors necessary for photochemical reactions are absent or are blocked (antioxidants), no reaction can be detected.     

Zur Isolierung und Charakterisierung von Chondroitinschwefelsäuren II

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