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91.
Hydrogeochemical considerations about the origin of groundwater salinization in some coastal plains of Elba Island (Tuscany,Italy) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Elena Giménez-Forcada Alberto Bencini Giovanni Pranzini 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(3):243-257
Several coastal plains of the Elba Island (Marina di Campo, Portoferraio, Schiopparello, Mola, Porto Azzurro and Barbarossa
plains) in Tuscany (Italy) were studied to determine the causes of decline in groundwater quality, using major ion chemistry
to establish the causes of groundwater salinization. The study demonstrates that salinization of coastal plain alluvial aquifers
is not simply linked to seawater intrusion but is also intimately related to inflows from adjacent aquifers. Ionic ratios,
correlation graphs and distribution value maps were employed as the means to understand the hydrochemistry of the study areas.
The Mg/Cl ratio in particular can be considered a good tracer to distinguish the main salinization processes that control
groundwater chemistry. Seawater intrusion only partly determines the chemistry of some groundwaters, which generally belong
to a chloride facies where the salinity is derived principally from freshwater–seawater mixing and the participation of cation
exchange. Proceeding inland groundwater quality seems to be principally determined by the inflow of Mg, Ca-HCO3 or Ca, Na-HCO3 waters formed from the weathering of silicate minerals in adjoining aquifers. Hydrolysis of these minerals is of prime importance
in controlling groundwater chemistry in adjacent alluvial plains. The lateral recharge flows introduce water with a different
chemical composition and this variable of freshwater recharge changes the hydrochemistry as a result of mixing between two
or more waters types. This situation is further complicated when seawater and base exchange reactions participate, due to
seawater intrusion. 相似文献
92.
Shrimp trawling is common throughout the southeastern and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the USA and is the primary contributor
to fisheries discards in these regions. Tens of thousands of nearshore seabirds nest near shrimp trawling grounds in the USA,
but to date, there has been no assessment of the relationship between seabirds and shrimp trawlers. We examined the taxonomic
composition of bycatch, rate at which seabirds scavenged bycatch, and energy density of discarded bycatch in a nearshore commercial
shrimp fishery. Bycatch was primarily comprised of demersal fish that are not typically accessible to the plunge-diving and
surface-feeding seabirds that occur in the area. Hence, seabird diets in the region appear to be broadened taxonomically by
the availability of discards. Results from discard experiments indicated that 70% of the nearly 5,500 items discarded by hand
were scavenged by seabirds and that the fate of a discarded item was most strongly predicted by its taxonomic order. Laughing
gulls scavenged the greatest proportion of discards, although brown pelicans were the only species to scavenge more discards
than predicted based upon their abundance. Because this is the first such study in the region, it is difficult to ascertain
the extent or intensity of the impact that discards have on nearshore seabirds. Nonetheless, our results suggest that it will
be difficult for managers to clearly understand fluctuations in local seabird population dynamics without first understanding
the extent to which these species rely upon discards. This may be especially problematic in situations where seabird populations
are recovering following natural or anthropogenic stressors. 相似文献
93.
Today's large-scale poultry production is often accompanied by high concentrations of airborne microorganisms at working places. However, the microbial communities in those bioaerosols are rarely characterised. In this study, we investigated the bacterial population in bioaerosols from a duck hatchery by both cultivation based and molecular methods and compared the results. Depending on used media, concentrations of airborne culturable bacteria varied between 6 × 10(1) and 7 × 10(6) CFU per m(3) air. The corresponding total cell count of DAPI stained cells was 2 × 10(7) cells per m(3) air. 16S rRNA gene analyses of bacterial isolates and clone libraries revealed a low species richness in hatcheries air, respectively. More than 50% of bacterial isolates were phylogenetically most closely related to bacterial species of the risk group 2 (German TRBA). The sequence composition in clone libraries supported the result of cultivation based approaches, whereby sequences assigned to Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Enterococcus are the most common. The high concentration of airborne bacteria which are most closely related to species of potential health risk requires further detailed investigations for these bacterial species. 相似文献
94.
Ahmed A. Nassr Kamran Hessami Elena D’Alberti Antonella Giancotti Nazlisadat Meshinchiasl Mark I. Evans Daniele Di Mascio Alireza A. Shamshirsaz 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(11):1425-1432
To evaluate obstetrical outcomes for women having late amniocentesis (on or after 24 weeks). Electronic databases were searched from inception to January 1st, 2023. The obstetrical outcomes evaluated were gestational age at delivery, preterm birth (PTB) < 37 weeks, PTB within 1 week from amniocentesis, premature prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM), chorionamnionitis, placental abruption, intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) and termination of pregnancy (TOP). The incidence of PTB <37 weeks was 4.85% (95% CI 3.48–6.56), while the incidence of PTB within 1 week was 1.42% (95% CI 0.66–2.45). The rate of pPROM was 2.85% (95% CI 1.21–3.32). The incidence of placental abruption was 0.91% (95% CI 0.16–2.25), while the rate of IUFD was 3.66% (95% CI 0.00–14.04). The rate of women who underwent TOP was 6.37% (95%CI 1.05–15.72). When comparing amniocentesis performed before or after 32 weeks, the incidence of PTB within 1 week was 1.48% (95% CI 0.42–3.19) and 2.38% (95% CI 0.40–5.95). Amniocentesis performed late after 24 weeks of gestation is an acceptable option for patients needing prenatal diagnosis in later gestation. 相似文献
95.
Fillimonova Elena Kharitonova Natalia Baranovskaya Ekaterina Maslov Alexey Aseeva Anna 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):2281-2299
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The Caucasian mineral water (CMW) region is a unique area where mineral waters differ by their chemical composition and balneological properties. The... 相似文献
96.
Corniello Alfonso Guida Marco Stellato Luisa Trifuoggi Marco Carraturo Federica Del Gaudio Elena Del Giudice Carmela Forte Giovanni Giarra Antonella Iorio Marina Marzaioli Fabio Toscanesi Maria 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1949-1970
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The study deals with the analyses of springs and wells at the base of Montepugliano Hill that represents the SE edge of the wide carbonate Matese massif... 相似文献
97.
Avilés-Ramírez Cristian Moreno-Godínez Ma. Elena Bonner Matthew R. Parra-Rojas Isela Flores-Alfaro Eugenia Ramírez Mónica Huerta-Beristain Gerardo Ramírez-Vargas Marco Antonio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(29):43588-43606
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exposure to environmental pollutants has been associated with alteration on relative levels of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). However, the... 相似文献
98.
A model for estimating the potential biomagnification of chemicals in a generic food web: Preliminary development 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Alonso E Tapie N Budzinski H Leménach K Peluhet L Tarazona JV 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(1):31-40
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of organic pollutants have been increasingly assessed and modeled during the last years. Due to the complexity of these processes and the large variability of food webs, setting generic assessments for these parameters is really difficult. Equilibrium models, based on a compound's lipophylicity, are the main tool in regulatory proposals, such as for identifying Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic Substances (PBTs), although a refinement has been claimed by the scientific community. Toxicokinetic studies offer an alternative for these estimations, where biomagnification is modeled as a succession of bioaccumulation processes, each one regulated by toxicokinetic parameters. METHODS: A review of kinetic models covering species belonging to different trophic levels and with different ecological behavior has been conducted. The results were employed for setting a conceptual model for estimating the biomagnification potential in a generic food web, which was mathematically implemented through system dynamic models developed under data sheet software. Crystal Ball was then employed for allowing Monte Carlo based probabilistic calculations. Bioaccumulation laboratory assays have been performed to estimate toxicokinetic parameters in mussels (Mytilus edulis) with two PAHs (chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene). The contamination was delivered via food. The exposure period lasted more than one month followed then by a depuration phase. The contaminant content was determined on an individual basis on five replicates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:. The reviewed information suggested the development of a tiered conceptual biomagnification model, starting with a simplified food chain which can be refined to more realistic and complex models in successive levels. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical implementation of the conceptual model offers tools for estimating the potential for bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemicals under very different conditions. The versatility of the model can be used for both comparative estimations and for validating the model. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Since bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes are crucial elements for a proper risk assessment of chemicals, their estimation by mathematical models has been widely tested. However, inregulatory assessments, too simplistic models are still being used quite often. The biomagnification model presented in this study should be amore accurate alternative to these models. In comparison to other previously published biomagnification models, the present one covers the time variation of bioaccumulation using just a few toxicokinetic parameters. 相似文献
99.
Paoletti E Contran N Manning WJ Castagna A Ranieri A Tagliaferro F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(3):464-472
Treatments with ethylenediurea (EDU) protect plants from ozone foliar injury, but the processes underlying this protection are poorly understood. Adult ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior), with or without foliar ozone symptoms in previous years, were treated with EDU at 450ppm by gravitational trunk infusion in May-September 2005 (32.5ppmh AOT40). At 30-day intervals, shoot growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and water potential were determined. In September, several biochemical parameters were measured. The protective influence of EDU was supported by enhancement in the number of leaflets. EDU did not contribute its nitrogen to leaf tissue as a fertiliser, as determined from lack of difference in foliar N between treatments. Both biochemical (increase in ascorbate-peroxidase and ascorbic acid, and decrease in apoplastic hydrogen peroxide) and biophysical (decrease in stomatal conductance) processes regulated EDU action. As total ascorbic acid increased only in the asymptomatic trees, its role in alleviating O(3) effects on leaf growth and visible injury is controversial. 相似文献
100.
Gabriela V. Aguirre-Martnez Sara Buratti Elena Fabbri Angel T. DelValls M. Laura Martn-Daz 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(7):1408-1418
Although pharmaceuticals have been detected in the environment only in the range from ng/L to g/L, it has been demonstrated that they can adversely affect the health status of aquatic organisms. Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) has previously been applied as an indicator of cellular well-being to determine health status in bivalve mussels. The objective of this study is to evaluate LMS in Ruditapes philippinarum haemolymph using the neutral red retention assay (NRRA). Clams were exposed in laboratory conditions to caffeine (0.1, 5, 15, 50 μg/L), ibuprofen (0.1, 5, 10, 50 μg/L), carbamazepine and novobiocin (both at 0.1, 1, 10, 50 μg/L) for 35 days. Results show a dose-dependent effect of the pharmaceuticals. The neutral red retention time measured at the end of the bioassay was significantly reduced by 50% after exposure to environmental concentrations (p < 0.05) (caffeine = 15 μg/L; ibuprofen = 10 μg/L; carbamazepine = 1 μg/L and novobiocin = 1 μg/L), compared to controls. Clams exposed to these pharmaceuticals were considered to present a diminished health status (retention time < 45 min), significantly worse than controls (96 min) (p < 0.05). The predicted no environmental effect concentration (PNEC) results showed that these pharmaceuticals are very toxic at the environmental concentrations tested. Measurement of the alteration of LMS has been found to be a sensitive technique that enables evaluation of the health status of clams after exposure to pharmaceuticals under laboratory conditions, thus representing a robust Tier-1 screening biomarker. 相似文献