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The behavioral response of the obligate bamboo-nesting ant Cataulacus muticus to nest flooding was studied in a perhumid tropical rainforest in Malaysia and in the laboratory. The hollow internodes of
giant bamboo, in which C. muticus exclusively nests, are prone to flooding by heavy rains. The ants showed a two-graded response to flooding. During heavy
rain workers block the nest entrances with their heads to reduce water influx. However, rainwater may still intrude into the
nest chamber. The ants respond by drinking the water, leaving the nest and excreting water droplets on the outer stem surface.
This cooperative 'peeing' behavior is a new survival mechanism adaptive to the ants' nesting ecology. Laboratory experiments
conducted with two other Cataulacus species, C. catuvolcus colonizing small dead twigs and C. horridus inhabiting rotten wood, did not reveal any form of water-bailing behavior.
Received: 3 August 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 6 November 2000 相似文献
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The Science of Nature - 相似文献
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U. Maschwitz S. Steghaus-Kovac R. Gaube H. Hänel 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1989,24(5):305-316
Summary The emigration and raiding behavior of the SE Asian ponerine ant Leptogenys sp. 1, which resembles L. mutabilis, were observed in the field (Ulu Gombak, Malaysia). The ants formed monogynous colonies that consisted of up to 52 100 workers. The bivouac sites of this species were found in leaf litter, rotten logs, ground cavities, etc., and were rarely modified by the ants. The colonies stayed in these temporary nests for several hours to 10 days; afterwards, they moved to a new nest site. The emigration distances ranged from 5–58 m. Since nest changing takes place at irregular intervals, and pupae and larvae are always present in the nest relocations of Leptogenys sp. 1, the emigration behavior is not linked to a synchronized brood development. Leptogenys sp. 1 is a nocturnal forager; in our study, up to 42 600 workers participated in each raid. The ants move forward on a broad front; behind the swarm a fan-shaped network of foraging columns converges to form a main trunk trail. A new system of foraging trails is developed in each raid. The workers search for their prey collectively; they attack and retrieve the booty together. The diet of Leptogenys sp. 1 consists mainly of arthropods. Army ant behavior is characterized by (1) formation of large monogynous colonies, (2) frequent emigrations, and (3) mass raids in which all foraging activities are carried out collectively. Since Leptogenys sp. 1 performs these typical army ant behavior patterns, this species represents the army ant ecotype. However, this species differs considerably from army ant species that have synchronized broods and huge colonies with dichthadiiform queens.Dedicated to Professor Dr. M. Lindauer on the occasion of his 70th birthday 相似文献