粉煤灰-土壤系统对沤麻废水的处理效果

将由粉煤灰-土壤过滤后的沤麻废水收集,定期测定收集到的废水的COD值,研究粉煤灰-土壤对沤麻废水的处理效果,结果表明:3种规模的粉煤灰-土壤对沤麻废水的COD平均去除率分别达到84%,77.6%和72.3%,且随着土壤深度的增加COD的去除率有所增加,试验取得了一定的效果。     

Metabolism of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine andN-phenyl-1-naphthylamine by rat hepaticmicrosomes and hepatocytes

The carcinogenic antioxidants,N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (P1NA)and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (P2NA) were examined in vitro for biotransformation by rat hepatic microsomes and in freshly isolated hepatocytes. HPLC-analysis of hepatocyte incubations with revealed that phenols were the major metabolites in both cases. P1NA formed one phenolic metabolite only, while incubation with P2NA yielded two phenols identified as 6-hydroxy-P2NA and 4'-hydroxy-P2NA by cochromatography with authentic samples. β-naphthylamine, a metabolite indicating dephenylation of P2NA was not detectable.Metabolism studies with microsomes revealed that the phenols were formed by cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenases. Pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene both increased the rate of microsomal metabolism of P1NA and P2NA, indicating that more than one P-450 enzyme mediate the oxygenation reaction. Animal pretreatment with single and repeated doses of P1NA and P2NA did not markedly stimulate metabolism, b     

Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of Chinese mainland

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.     

Intracellular biosynthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. and studies on their physicochemical and biological properties

In this present study, we reported broccoli(Brassica oleracea L.) as a potential candidate for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles(NPs) in green chemistry method. The synthesized metal nanoparticles are evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against different human pathogenic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles were analyzed using different analytical techniques such as a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer. In addition, gold and silver NP antimicrobial efficacy was checked by disc diffusion assay. UV–Vis color intensity of the nanoparticles was shown at 540 and 450 nm for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. Higher magnification of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy image shows the variable morphology of the gold nanoparticles such as spherical, rod and triangular shapes and silver nanoparticles were seen in spherical shapes. The average spherical size of the particles was observed in 24–38 nm for gold and 30–45 nm for silver NPs. X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles which were crystalline in nature. Additionally,the functional metabolites were identified by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. IR spectra revealed phenols, alcohols, aldehydes(sugar moieties), vitamins and proteins are present in the broccoli extract which are accountable to synthesize the nanoparticles. The synthesized gold and silver NPs inhibited the growth of the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens at the concentration of 50 μg/m L respectively. In addition, broccoli mediated gold and silver nanoparticles have shown potent antimicrobial activity against human pathogens.     

香蕉镰刀菌枯萎病防治药剂的筛选

杀菌剂对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的毒力测定筛选结果表明，绿亨一号 多菌灵、五氯硝基苯 多菌灵、多菌灵 普克、敌克松 普克等混配药剂对香蕉尖孢镰刀菌的抑制效果最佳，持效期长，可作为防治香蕉枯萎病的土壤消毒剂使用。     

关于氮肥利用率的思考

应用作者近10年在华北地区冬小麦／夏玉米中氮肥转化与去向的研究资料，对施氮量、产量、氮肥利用、残留、损失关系进行分析；认为简单的氮肥利用率很难反映不同农业生产水平条件下的氮肥利用状况；要准确反映氮肥利用状况，应综合考虑产量水平、氮肥利用、残留及损失的情况。论证了我国氮肥利用率具有很大的变幅，平常所说的30％-35％只是一个整体概念，不能以此来说明我国氮肥损失量大，对环境的污染严重。在我国农业生产中，必须研究解决既能获得尽可能高的产量，又能最大限度地减轻对环境压力的氮肥施用技术及其理论基础，而不应该一味追求多么高的氮肥利用率。     

我国部分城市和地区居民尿氟含量与饮用水氟含量的相关性

对中国22个城市、2个直辖市和饮水氟含量极高的河北省霸州地区4个村庄的饮用水氟含量与当地18岁左右居民尿氟含量进行相关性分析。结果表明,全国大部分城市饮用水氟含量处于低水平。而包括氟中毒地区在内的全国部分城市和地区饮用水氟含量与尿氟含量存在正相关关系,表明相对其它摄取氟元素渠道来说,饮用水仍然是中国居民氟的主要摄入来源。     

粉葛根腐病菌的生物学特性及防治研究

粉葛根腐病是粉葛生产上新发现的一种毁灭性土传病害。作者对病原作了人工分离和接菌试验，观测了温度、pH对病原菌菌丝体生长的影响；对防治药剂进行了筛选和试验，探讨了该病的有效防治药物及对策。     

菌剂对堆肥的作用及其应用

好氧高温堆肥是一种受微生物控制的有机物降解和转化的过程。在堆肥过程的不同阶段对有机物降解起关键作用的微生物种群不同。接种菌剂可以使堆肥物料快速达到高温、控制堆肥过程中臭气的产生，缩短堆肥腐熟进程；可以有效杀灭病原体和降解有机污染物，提高堆肥质量。堆肥产品含有生物活性的微生物，作物增产效果显著。文章总结了接种菌剂在堆肥过程中的作用和应用效果，提出接种菌剂的研究首先应利用传统微生物研究法和先进的分子生态学技术摸清堆肥过程中微生物活动规律，逐步筛选出所需功能性菌群，在堆肥应用时要确定菌剂的最佳接种时间和接种量。     

水杉凋落物分解过程中溶解性有机质的分组组成变化

采用XAD-8树脂分组的方法研究水杉凋落物降解过程中DOM的含量及其组成的变化。结果表明，培养35天后DOC含量达到稳定值，而其组成仍未稳定。在整个培养过程中，HOA和HIM含量有明显变化；HON含量呈缓慢增加的趋势；AIM和HOB含量则没有明显变化。凋落物淋滤液DOM与表层土壤DOM组成相似，是土壤DOM的主要来源。土壤DOM中的AIM不是来源于凋落物淋滤液，而是主要来源于土壤腐殖质、根系分泌物等其它物质。