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排序方式: 共有1066条查询结果,搜索用时 171 毫秒
991.
Lori H. Schwacke Tiago A. Marques Len Thomas Cormac G. Booth Brian C. Balmer Ashley Barratclough Kathleen Colegrove Sylvain De Guise Lance P. Garrison Forrest M. Gomez Jeanine S. Morey Keith D. Mullin Brian M. Quigley Patricia E. Rosel Teresa K. Rowles Ryan Takeshita Forrest I. Townsend Todd R. Speakman Randall S. Wells Eric S. Zolman Cynthia R. Smith 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13878
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill exposed common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana to heavy oiling that caused increased mortality and chronic disease and impaired reproduction in surviving dolphins. We conducted photographic surveys and veterinary assessments in the decade following the spill. We assigned a prognostic score (good, fair, guarded, poor, or grave) for each dolphin to provide a single integrated indicator of overall health, and we examined temporal trends in prognostic scores. We used expert elicitation to quantify the implications of trends for the proportion of the dolphins that would recover within their lifetime. We integrated expert elicitation, along with other new information, in a population dynamics model to predict the effects of observed health trends on demography. We compared the resulting population trajectory with that predicted under baseline (no spill) conditions. Disease conditions persisted and have recently worsened in dolphins that were presumably exposed to DWH oil: 78% of those assessed in 2018 had a guarded, poor, or grave prognosis. Dolphins born after the spill were in better health. We estimated that the population declined by 45% (95% CI 14–74) relative to baseline and will take 35 years (95% CI 18–67) to recover to 95% of baseline numbers. The sum of annual differences between baseline and injured population sizes (i.e., the lost cetacean years) was 30,993 (95% CI 6607–94,148). The population is currently at a minimum point in its recovery trajectory and is vulnerable to emerging threats, including planned ecosystem restoration efforts that are likely to be detrimental to the dolphins’ survival. Our modeling framework demonstrates an approach for integrating different sources and types of data, highlights the utility of expert elicitation for indeterminable input parameters, and emphasizes the importance of considering and monitoring long-term health of long-lived species subject to environmental disasters. Article impact statement: Oil spills can have long-term consequences for the health of long-lived species; thus, effective restoration and monitoring are needed. 相似文献
992.
993.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Air pollution, measured by the concentration of airborne particulate matter with diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5), is known to cause globally adverse... 相似文献
994.
García-Barrera Luisa V. Ortega-Solís Dafne L. Soriano-Giles Gabriela Lopez Nazario Romero-Romero Fernando Reinheimer Eric Varela-Guerrero Victor Ballesteros-Rivas María F. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(9):3832-3839
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - The objective of this research is to provide a new recycling method for one of the most consumed plastics today, since it is used for the manufacture of a... 相似文献
995.
Wu Yujie Wang Peng Yu Shaocai Wang Liqiang Li Pengfei Li Zhen Mehmood Khalid Liu Weiping Wu Jian Lichtfouse Eric Rosenfeld Daniel Seinfeld John H. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(3):1117-1127
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Air pollution is an increasingly critical health issue responsible for numerous diseases and deaths worldwide. In China, to address severe air pollution in the... 相似文献
996.
超滤膜-生物反应器处理生活污水及其水力学研究 总被引:25,自引:3,他引:22
用超滤膜-生物反应器进行处理生活污水试验并研究其水力学行为。结果表明,当HRT为5h、SRT为30d、膜面流速为4m/s膜流量为75L/(m^2·h)时,试验出水水质优于建设部生活杂用水水质标准CJ25.1-89,可直接回用。 相似文献
997.
Smith TJ Davis ME Reaser P Natkin J Hart JE Laden F Heff A Garshick E 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2006,8(7):711-720
As part of a large epidemiologic study of lung cancer, 55,000 subjects, we have conducted a nation-wide survey of particulate exposures in the US trucking industry. The goal is to differentiate the risks from various types of particulate exposures, such as traffic emissions and general air pollution. We hypothesize that exposures defined by job and work site characteristics can be linked with subjects using their personal job histories. This report covers exposures at 36 randomly chosen large truck freight terminals in the US. Measurements were made of PM2.5, elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC) upwind of the terminal (background) and in work areas, and by personal samples. Significant differences in exposure intensity, microg m(-3), were found for work locations and jobs relative to background levels (GM[GSD]) at terminal sites: PM2.5 9.8[2.34], EC 0.5[3.24], and OC 5.0[1.76]. Using EC as a marker for diesel particles, work locations varied significantly: office 0.3[3.7], dock area 0.7[2.89] and shop area 1.5[3.52]), as did job titles (non-smokers): clerk 0.1[9.98], dock worker 0.8[2.13], and mechanic 2.0[3.82]. Cigarette smoking contributed substantially to personal exposures, approximately doubling PM2.5 and OC, but having less of an effect on EC. Large differences were seen across the terminal sites due to differences in local regional air pollution levels from traffic and other sources. We conclude that it will be possible to estimate current exposures of the cohort using an exposure assignment matrix based on job title, work location, and terminal site. This distribution overlaps substantially with the general public's exposure to these sources. 相似文献
998.
Thomas M. Crea Kerri Evans Robert G. Hasson III Sarah Neville Kelsey Werner Elizabeth Wanjiku Nobert Okumu Gregory St. Arnold Eric Velandria Daniela Bruni 《Disasters》2023,47(1):99-113
Children in refugee camps, and particularly those with disabilities, face unique challenges in accessing education and are at high risk of being marginalised. Best practices suggest that main-streaming is the optimal strategy for serving students with disabilities. This study examines the extent to which mainstreaming in a refugee camp helps to promote children's prosocial behaviours, taking into account their emotional and behavioural problems. In Kakuma Refugee Camp, Kenya, researchers collected data from the parents of children currently enrolled in special needs education centres (n=65) and from those formerly enrolled at these facilities who transitioned to mainstream classrooms (n=81). Children in mainstream schools functioned better in terms of prosocial behaviours, but this relationship disappeared when factoring in children's emotional and behavioural difficulties. In the context of a refugee camp, mainstreaming alone is not likely to help children's psychosocial and educational functioning, which requires dedicated supports, appropriate facilities and infrastructure, and a dual focus on disability-specific and disability-inclusive initiatives. 相似文献
999.
Gu Zhaolin Han Jie Zhang Liyuan Wang Hongliang Luo Xilian Meng Xiangzhao Zhang Yue Niu Xinyi Lan Yang Wu Shaowei Cao Junji Lichtfouse Eric 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):725-739
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Policies and measures to control pandemics are often failing. While biological factors controlling transmission are usually well explored, little is known about... 相似文献
1000.
Environmental Chemistry Letters - 相似文献