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排序方式: 共有369条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
221.
222.
Matyssek R Sandermann H Wieser G Booker F Cieslik S Musselman R Ernst D 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):567-582
Upcoming decades will experience increasing atmospheric CO2 and likely enhanced O3 exposure which represents a risk for the carbon sink strength of forests, so that the need for cause-effect related O3 risk assessment increases. Although assessment will gain in reliability on an O3 uptake basis, risk is co-determined by the effective dose, i.e. the plant's sensitivity per O3 uptake. Recent progress in research on the molecular and metabolic control of the effective O3 dose is reported along with advances in empirically assessing O3 uptake at the whole-tree and stand level. Knowledge on both O3 uptake and effective dose (measures of stress avoidance and tolerance, respectively) needs to be understood mechanistically and linked as a pre-requisite before practical use of process-based O3 risk assessment can be implemented. To this end, perspectives are derived for validating and promoting new O3 flux-based modelling tools. 相似文献
223.
Müller B Stöckli A Stierli R Butscher E Gächter R 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(1):82-86
Concentration of dissolved reactive phosphorus ([DRP]) in rivers changes periodically (daily, weekly, seasonally) and is dependent on the weather and discharge Q. Accordingly, accurate estimation of the annual DRP load requires intensive sampling if not even continuous monitoring, which is laborious and expensive. We present a new, elaborated low cost technique based on passive samplers (P-traps), describing their design and chemical analysis. P-traps use iron(oxy)hydroxide as a sorbent, are inexpensive, easy to handle, and can be exposed for several months. We compare average DRP concentrations obtained from spot samples and P-traps and discuss the applicability and accuracy of the suggested method to measure annual P loads of rivers characterized by highly variable DRP concentrations. 相似文献
224.
Oenema J Burgers S Verloop K Hooijboer A Boumans L ten Berge H 《Journal of environmental quality》2010,39(6):2016-2028
Nitrate leaching in intensive grassland- and silage maize-based dairy farming systems on sandy soil is a main environmental concern. Here, statistical relationships are presented between management practices and environmental conditions and nitrate concentration in shallow groundwater (0.8 m depth) at farm, field, and point scales in The Netherlands, based on data collected in a participatory approach over a 7-yr period at one experimental and eight pilot commercial dairy farms on sandy soil. Farm milk production ranged from 10 to 24 Mg ha(-1). Soil and hydrological characteristics were derived from surveys and weather conditions from meteorological stations. Statistical analyses were performed with multiple regression models. Mean nitrate concentration at farm scale decreased from 79 mg L(-1) in 1999 to 63 in 2006, with average nitrate concentration in groundwater decreasing under grassland but increasing under maize land over the monitoring period. The effects of management practices on nitrate concentration varied with spatial scale. At farm scale, nitrogen surplus, grazing intensity, and the relative areas of grassland and maize land significantly contributed to explaining the variance in nitrate concentration in groundwater. Mean nitrate concentration was negatively correlated to the concentration of dissolved organic carbon in the shallow groundwater. At field scale, management practices and soil, hydrological, and climatic conditions significantly contributed to explaining the variance in nitrate concentration in groundwater under grassland and maize land. We conclude that, on these intensive dairy farms, additional measures are needed to comply with the European Union water quality standard in groundwater of 50 mg nitrate L(-1). The most promising measures are omitting fertilization of catch crops and reducing fertilization levels of first-year maize in the rotation. 相似文献
225.
Usman Muhammad Katsoyiannis Ioannis Rodrigues Josma Henna Ernst Mathias 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):59063-59075
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic is among the major drinking water contaminants affecting populations in many countries because it causes serious health problems on long-term... 相似文献
226.
Frans J. Los Cardi van den Berg Hajo I. J. Wildschut Helen Brandenburg Nicolette S. den Hollander Ernst M. Schoonderwaldt Leen Pijpers Robert Jan H. Galjaard Diane Van Opstal 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(13):1150-1158
First-trimester chorionic villus sampling has not reached the popularity of second-trimester amniocentesis in prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis, in contrast to initial expectations. We investigated whether a difference inthe diagnostic performances of cytogenetic investigation in amniotic fluid (AF) cells and chorionic villi in favour of AF-cells might justify this. Diagnostic performance was measured as laboratory failure rate, karyotype quality (G-band score, rate of follow-up samples, rate of wrong diagnoses), and karyotype representativity (rate of follow-up samples, rate of wrong diagnoses). From 1993–1999, 11 883 AF-samples were investigated (AF-cells). In chorionic villi, short term culture preparations solely were karyotyped from 1993–1996 (n=3499) (STC-villi), short and long-term culture preparations simultaneously provided a sufficient amount of tissue being available from 1997 onwards (n=1829) ((STC+LTC)-villi). Laboratory failure rates were the same after amniocentesis (0.40%) and chorionic villus sampling (0.50%). G-band scores (mean±SD) were equal in AF-cells (373±38.1) and LTC-villi (364±32.6) but significantly lower in STC-villi (311±34.6) (p=0.001). Follow-up sampling rates because of quality reasons were the same in AF-cells (0.14%), STC- villi (0.13%) and (STC+LTC)-villi (0.11%). Two wrong diagnoses turned up among AF-cells. Follow-up sampling rates because of representativity reasons differed significantly between AF-cells (0.10%), (STC+LTC)-villi (1.31%), and STC-villi (1.99%) (p<0.001). However, the ratios of the total numbers of follow-up samples and uncertain or abnormal cytogenetic results in STC, and (STC+LTC)-villi at cytogenetic risks ⩾3% (0.132 and 0.160, respectively) were equal to that in AF-cells at risks <3% (0.155). Two wrong diagnoses were made in STC-villi. Diagnostic performance improved in the rank order of STC-villi, (STC+LTC)-villi and AF-cells. At cytogenetic risks ⩾3%, (STC+LTC)-villi showed a diagnostic performance equal to that in AF-cells. This might justify a selective use of chorionic villus sampling. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
227.
R. Courant B. L. van der Waerden F. Boschke G. Backenstoss R. Hilsch K. Dimroth D. Reinen R. Schlögl L. Jaenicke L. Horner H. Determann H. Babad C. H. Eugster G. Hesse A. Marxer G. ten Bruggencate H. Brücher H. Autrum H. H. Cramer J. P. Vité O. L. Lange K. Moritz 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1971,58(11):579-584
228.
Ernst Bayer 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1960,47(19):433-439
229.
230.