Enhanced triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) degradation through application of an O3/UV process: Performance optimization and degradation pathways

• UV/O₃ process had higher TAIC mineralization rate than O₃ process. • Four possible degradation pathways were proposed during TAIC degradation. • pH impacted oxidation processes with pH of 9 achieving maximum efficiency. • CO₃^2– negatively impacted TAIC degradation while HCO₃^– not. • Cl^– can be radicals scavenger only at high concentration (over 500 mg/L Cl^–). Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC, C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₃) has featured in wastewater treatment as a refractory organic compound due to the significant production capability and negative environmental impact. TAIC degradation was enhanced when an ozone(O₃)/ultraviolet(UV) process was applied compared with the application of an independent O₃ process. Although 99% of TAIC could be degraded in 5 min during both processes, the O₃/UV process had a 70%mineralization rate that was much higher than that of the independent O₃ process (9%) in 30 min. Four possible degradation pathways were proposed based on the organic compounds of intermediate products identified during TAIC degradation through the application of independent O₃ and O₃/UV processes. pH impacted both the direct and indirect oxidation processes. Acidic and alkaline conditions preferred direct and indirect reactions respectively, with a pH of 9 achieving maximum Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal. Both CO₃^2– and HCO₃^– decreased TOC removal, however only CO₃^2– negatively impacted TAIC degradation. Effects of Cl^– as a radical scavenger became more marked only at high concentrations (over 500 mg/L Cl^–). Particulate and suspended matter could hinder the transmission of ultraviolet light and reduce the production of HO· accordingly.     

Degradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) and methane production by mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion: Effect of temperature and concentration

• PAM degradation in thermophilic AD in comparison with mesophilic AD. • PAM degradation and its impact on thermophilic and mesophilic AD. • Enhanced methane yield in presence of PAM during thermophilic and mesophilic AD. • PAM degradation and microbial community analysis in thermophilic and mesophilic AD. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is generally employed in wastewater treatment processes such as sludge dewatering and therefore exists in the sludge. Furthermore, it degrades slowly and can deteriorate methane yield during anaerobic digestion (AD). The impact or fate of PAM in AD under thermophilic conditions is still unclear. This study mainly focuses on PAM degradation and enhanced methane production from PAM-added sludge during 15 days of thermophilic (55°C) AD compared to mesophilic (35°C) AD. Sludge and PAM dose from 10 to 50 g/kg TSS were used. The results showed that PAM degraded by 76% to 78% with acrylamide (AM) content of 0.2 to 3.3 mg/L in thermophilic AD. However, it degraded only 27% to 30% with AM content of 0.5 to 7.2 mg/L in mesophilic AD. The methane yield was almost 230 to 238.4 mL/g VSS on the 8th day in thermophilic AD but was 115.2 to 128.6 mL/g VSS in mesophilic AD. Mechanism investigation revealed that thermophilic AD with continuous stirring not only enhanced PAM degradation but also boosted the organics release from the sludge with added PAM and gave higher methane yield than mesophilic AD.     

Functional wastepaper-montmorillonite composite aerogel for Cd2+ adsorption

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a composite aerogel (WP-MMT) composed of wastepaper (WP) and montmorillonite (MMT) was prepared by ambient pressure drying technology...     

流量分布系数对低压热释放速率测量的影响

热释放速率是反映火灾规模的重要参数,但高海拔低压地区可燃物燃烧的热释放速率测量一直未得到有效解决。为此,引入烟气管道流量分布系数,并对其进行低压修正,基于耗氧原理分析了低压条件下可燃物燃烧的热释放速率测量原理,提出了低压燃烧热释放速率的计算方法。在此基础上,设计并搭建了低压燃烧舱模拟高海拔低压环境,开展了不同静态低压条件下的正庚烷池火试验,并对烟气管道流量分布系数与不同的静态环境低压进行线性关系、指数关系等拟合,发现试验工况压力下的流量分布系数与响应的环境压力呈指数函数关系,且拟合度高达97.2%。采用指数函数关系并根据能量守恒对试验测量出的低压热释放速率进行修正,误差不超过5%,表明该方法可行。     

近53 a来长江流域极端降水指数特征

利用1963~2015年长江流域115个气象站点逐日降水数据,分析了不同极端降水指标的空间变化特点和时间变化趋势。结果表明,近53 a来,长江流域多年平均年极端降水量与年降水量从下游到上游逐渐递减,两者变化趋势大致呈现“增-减-增”的空间分布格局。年极端降水量对年降水量贡献（PEP）存在明显的空间分布差异,但贡献比例在流域内普遍呈现增加的趋势。持续1 d的极端降水事件的降水量分布及其变化趋势与年极端降水量的分布特征类似,其对年极端降水量的贡献比例高达65%以上,说明长江流域极端降水以持续1 d的极端降水事件为主。持续2 d及以上的极端降水事件主要集在中皖苏赣局部地区和四川中部地区,但其降水量对年极端降水量的贡献比例较小。从上游到下游,年最大日降水量（MDP）逐渐增大。其中,上游源头地区的沱沱河、曲麻莱和玉树3个站点MDP主要集中在0~25 mm之间,其他站点均以25~50 mm量级为主;长江流域中部地区的MDP大部分以50~100 mm的量级为主,处于100~150 mm之间的次之;长江流域东部地区主要以100~150 mm量级的MDP为主。 关键词： 极端降水;降水贡献;不同历时;长江流域     

长江三角洲城市群工业用水效率评价及时空差异研究

在水资源约束趋紧的背景下,选取长江三角洲城市群中26个城市2005~2014年的面板数据,运用SBM模型对工业用水效率进行测算,并基于可分解的泰尔指数分析长江三角洲城市群内部工业用水效率的空间差异。结果显示：（1）长江三角洲城市群工业用水效率水平整体偏低,在不考虑与考虑非期望产出的情况下,工业用水效率10a平均值分别为 0.591 8.和 0.519 7;（2）工业用水效率的地区内部差异是造成总差异的主要部分,并且有随时间递增的趋势,其中安徽省对于地区内部差异的贡献率最大,其次为浙江省,江苏省贡献率最低;（3）江苏省各城市工业用水效率虽然差异不大但整体水平较低,而上海市工业用水效率较高并处于稳步上升状态。因此,缩小地区内部差异是实现长江三角洲城市群工业用水效率整体上升的重要途径。     

好氧+物化组合工艺处理甲醇废水的工程应用研究

通过邳州某二甲醚生产企业的工程实例,介绍了好氧＋物化组合工艺在处理甲醇废水中的应用。该工艺具有处理设施运行稳定、处理效果好的优点,系统出水水质能够达到国家循环冷却水系统补充水水质标准的排放要求,可对二甲醚生产行业的废水处理有一定参考价值。     

交通发展对安徽省旅游业的影响研究

交通要素是沟通旅游需求、旅游供给的纽带和桥梁,旅游发展与交通条件密切相关。对安徽省交通发展进行了系统梳理,从游客、旅游资源、旅游企业、旅游产品(线路)组合、旅游空间结构等5个方面分析了交通发展对安徽省旅游业的影响。在剖析存在问题的基础上,提出了交通进一步促进安徽省旅游发展的若干建议和对策。     

旅游相关企业松散型纵向一体化战略联盟研究

我国旅游产业发展水平不高,其深层次的原因是旅游产业链中存在着严重的纵向外部性问题。在借助演化博弈思想对旅游产业链中经济主体的决策行为进行深入分析后,认为纵向一体化战略联盟能有效提升旅游产业链和相关主体利益,在传统的纵向一体化联盟基础上提出了一种界于市场和企业,但又不同于完全一体化的"混合"组织形式——松散型纵向一体化战略联盟,并初步描绘了这一联盟模式的构建过程。     

江苏省农业面源污染与经济增长关系的实证

运用基于VAR模型的脉冲响应函数和方差分解的方法,考察了江苏省1990-2007年农业面源污染与经济增长的动态演进关系。研究结果表明:①经济增长是影响江苏省农业面源污染的重要原因,农业面源污染的环境库兹涅茨曲线规律在一定程度上得到验证;②农业面源污染对江苏省经济增长的影响不明显,且具有一定滞后效应;③方差分解结果显示人均GDP是解释农业面源预测方差的重要变量,而农业面源污染对经济增长的预测方差贡献度则相对较小。因此,我们要充分关注江苏省经济快速增长对农业环境质量恶化所带来的负面影响。同时,为了充分体现农业面源污染对江苏省经济增长的反作用,其关键前提是必须要对农业面源污染所导致的负外部效应进行清晰的界定,以及建立一个有效、完善的农业资源配置、污染权的市场交易机制,以充分发挥资源约束和环境恶化对涉农微观经济主体投资、生产和消费行为的影响,进而对经济增长形成反作用。