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41.
Angus H. H. Macdonald Eugenia M. Sampayo Tyrone Ridgway Michael H. Schleyer 《Marine Biology》2008,154(2):209-217
Studies on latitudinal gradients in Symbiodinium diversity on scleractinian corals are largely restricted to warm-water low latitude locations, and it appears that there
is a shift in symbiont distributions with increasing latitude. The Symbiodinium assemblages of high latitude coral communities have largely been undocumented despite occupying an important transitional
zone between tropical and temperate regions. Using a combination of the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) and denaturing
gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), we assessed the cladal and subcladal variability of Symbiodinium in the widely distributed species Stylophora pistillata along a latitudinal transect in southeast African waters which extended into high latitude locations. All colonies examined
belonged to clade C. Six unique ITS2-DGGE banding profiles (designated Cspa to Cspf) were observed, which showed a latitudinal distribution from north to south, most likely a result of a gradient in water
temperature and irradiance driven by riverine input in the southern regions. Sequence analysis revealed that all sequences
except one did not match previously identified clade C sub-types, probably due to the lack of regional information in the
Western Indian Ocean when compared to the Caribbean and Pacific. This study further supports the applicability of ITS2-DGGE
in studies on Symbiodinium diversity, and highlights that potentially ecologically informative biogeographic patterns may be overlooked when only cladal
designations are employed. 相似文献
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44.
We present in this work preliminary results on the translocation of copper, manganese and iron from soil to leaves of Sambucus nigra L. seedlings in the presence of increasing copper concentrations in the growth medium. The use of electron spin resonance spectroscopy and the comparison with atomic absorption spectroscopy is not presently common in the study of metal absorption in plants. This approach gave promising results both on the detection of some metal ions, as well as of radical species related to the presence of Cu2+ in plant tissues. Copper was found to act synergistically in manganese uptake. 相似文献
45.
Behavioural and biochemical responses of two marine invertebrates Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor to copper oxide nanoparticles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Buffet PE Tankoua OF Pan JF Berhanu D Herrenknecht C Poirier L Amiard-Triquet C Amiard JC Bérard JB Risso C Guibbolini M Roméo M Reip P Valsami-Jones E Mouneyrac C 《Chemosphere》2011,84(1):166-174
Engineered nano-sized Cu oxide particles are extensively used in diverse applications. Because aquatic environments are the ultimate “sink” for all contaminants, it is expected that nanoparticles (NP) will follow the same fate. In this study, two marine invertebrates Scrobicularia plana and Hediste diversicolor were chosen as ecotoxicological models. The aim was to evaluate behavioural (burrowing kinetics, feeding rate) and biochemical (biomarkers) responses of S. plana and H. diversicolor exposed in the laboratory to Cu (10 μg L−1) added in natural seawater either in the form of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) of CuO or as dissolved Cu in 2% HNO3. Exposure was characterized by considering (i) the physico-chemical fate of NP (ii) the fraction of labile Cu in experimental media and (iii) Cu bioaccumulation. Results showed high aggregation of CuO NPs in seawater and no additional bioavailable Cu concentrations. Behavioural impairments were observed in S. plana exposed to CuO NPs or soluble Cu whereas in H. diversicolor, only the exposure to soluble Cu led to a burrowing decrease. No obvious neurotoxicity effects were revealed since in both species, no changes in cholinesterasic activity occurred in response to both forms of Cu exposure. Biomarkers of oxidative-stress catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were enhanced in both species whereas superoxide dismutase was increased only in S. plana exposed to CuO NPs. Metallothionein-like protein was increased in bivalves exposed to both forms of Cu. Since, no detectable release of soluble Cu from CuO NPs occurred during the time of experiment, ecotoxicity effects seem to be related to CuO NPs themselves. 相似文献
46.
Patrizia Jereb Rita Cannas Porzia Maiorano Giambattista Bello Fulvio Garibaldi Marco Mereu Francesco G. Ancona Giovanni Ammendolia Pietro Battaglia Önder Duysak Hendrik Jan T. Hoving Eugenia Lefkaditou Marek R. Lipinski Riccardo Melis Panagiota N. Peristeraki Sergio Ragonese Teresa Romeo Alp Salman Maria Begoña Santos Alberto Villari Danila Cuccu 《Marine Biology》2016,163(11):229
47.
Nadia N. Ramos-Rosas Carolina Valdespino Jaqueline García-Hernández Juan P. Gallo-Reynoso Eugenia J. Olguín 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1163-1173
Top predators like the Neotropical otter, Lontra longicaudis annectens, are usually considered good bioindicators of habitat quality. In this study, we evaluated heavy metal contamination (Hgtot, Pb, Cd) in the riverine habitat, prey (crustaceans and fish), and otter feces in two Ramsar wetlands with contrasting upstream contamination discharges: Río Blanco and Río Caño Grande in Veracruz, Mexico, during the dry, the wet, and the nortes seasons. Most comparisons revealed no differences between sites while seasonal differences were repeatedly detected for all of the compartments. Higher concentrations of Pb during the dry season and of Cd during the wet season in otter feces mirrored differences detected in the most seasonally consumed prey. Compared with fecal methylmercury values reported for the European otter (0.25–0.75 mg kg?1) in unprotected areas, the Hgtot levels that we measured were lower (0.02–0.17 mg kg?1). However, Pb (117.87 mg kg?1) and Cd (9.14 mg kg?1) concentrations were higher (Pb, 38.15 mg kg?1 and Cd, 4.72 mg kg?1) in the two Ramsar wetlands. Protected areas may shelter species, but those with water-linked diets may suffer the effect of chemicals used upstream. 相似文献
48.
Urban littering is considered an important environmental and public issue globally. This problem is growing considerably within coastal communities of the southern region of South America. The goals of this study were to assess (1) the abundance and composition of urban litter; (2) the spatial and temporal variations of its abundance; and (3) the relationship between the abundance of litter and three anthropogenic variables (i.e. abundance of pedestrians, of parked vehicles, and of trash bins) in Mar del Plata, the most populated coastal city in Argentina. Eighty-eight transects, each covering 1425 m2, were sampled along four sites from April 2008 to March 2009. Results showed 20,336 items (ca. 14 items per m2) of which cigarette butts (33%), papers (31%), and plastics (22%) were the most commonly littered items. Higher amounts of litter were found in an industrial area (city’s harbor), while the abundance of litter appeared relatively even throughout the year. Redundancy analysis techniques indicated a high abundance of all three anthropogenic variables associated with the central business district area of the city and an area in close proximity to a major seaside resort, where cigarette butts and papers dominated. This is the first study that has examined spatial and temporal variations of urban litter in a high-density coastal city in Argentina. Our results showed that addressing the problems associated with urban litter must include intensive educational and advertising campaigns directed at pedestrians and owners of parked vehicles, but waste reduction, clean-up operations and law enforcement should be also considered. 相似文献
49.
Reyes-Márquez Alejandra Aguíñiga-García Sergio Morales-García Sandra Soledad Sedeño-Díaz Jacinto Elías López-López Eugenia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):61643-61661
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trophic transfer and bioaccumulation of trace metals have a profound impact on the structure and function of coastal areas; however, the metal... 相似文献
50.
Eugenia V. Bragina A. R. Ives A. M. Pidgeon T. Kuemmerle L. M. Baskin Y. P. Gubar M. Piquer‐Rodríguez N. S. Keuler V. G. Petrosyan V. C. Radeloff 《Conservation biology》2015,29(3):844-853
Anecdotal evidence suggests that socioeconomic shocks strongly affect wildlife populations, but quantitative evidence is sparse. The collapse of socialism in Russia in 1991 caused a major socioeconomic shock, including a sharp increase in poverty. We analyzed population trends of 8 large mammals in Russia from 1981 to 2010 (i.e., before and after the collapse). We hypothesized that the collapse would first cause population declines, primarily due to overexploitation, and then population increases due to adaptation of wildlife to new environments following the collapse. The long‐term Database of the Russian Federal Agency of Game Mammal Monitoring, consisting of up to 50,000 transects that are monitored annually, provided an exceptional data set for investigating these population trends. Three species showed strong declines in population growth rates in the decade following the collapse, while grey wolf (Canis lupus) increased by more than 150%. After 2000 some trends reversed. For example, roe deer (Capreolus spp.) abundance in 2010 was the highest of any period in our study. Likely reasons for the population declines in the 1990s include poaching and the erosion of wildlife protection enforcement. The rapid increase of the grey wolf populations is likely due to the cessation of governmental population control. In general, the widespread declines in wildlife populations after the collapse of the Soviet Union highlight the magnitude of the effects that socioeconomic shocks can have on wildlife populations and the possible need for special conservation efforts during such times. Declinación Rápida de las Poblaciones de Mamíferos Mayores después del Colapso de la Unión Soviética 相似文献