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排序方式: 共有3746条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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426.
生态补偿机制及模式研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
详细综述了生态补偿机制概念、理论基础、补偿标准、补偿模式及国内外生态补偿实践经验等方面的研究进展。发现外部性的内部化是生态补偿的关键和环境经济学基础,其核心问题包括:谁补偿谁,补偿多少以及如何补偿。通过回顾美国、欧洲发达国家与中国、拉丁美洲发展中国家在实施生态补偿过程中采取的各种措施,发现生态学与经济学理论已经逐渐融入生态补偿的研究之中。在此基础上,指出了国内生态补偿的科研和实践中有待解决的问题,最后提出了包括补偿的法律机制、补偿经济标准、政策制定等方面的建议。 相似文献
427.
The spatial variation of heavy metals in the soils in Shuikoushan mining-smelting area, Hunan Province, China, was investigated
using multivariate and geo-statistic analysis. A total of 106 composite soil samples were collected in an area of about 100 km2.
Concentrations of total As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Arsenic and Pb were found to have a common source, indicating the same sources and spreading processes, such as aerosols and
airborne particulates from smelting chimneys. Airborne sources from smelting chimneys contributed greatly to Cd in the area, which
demonstrated the same dispersion pattern as As and Pb. However, two hot spots of Cd around smelters were possibly enlarged by
wastewaters, demonstrating another important source of Cd in Shuikouhsan. Geo-statistic interpolated mapping demonstrated that hotspots
of Zn were only found proximal to the large smelters, suggesting that Zn primarily came from the chimneys of larger smelters.
The major Cu hot-spots appeared closely to the tailing dam, indicating that weathering and leaching of tailings were the major sources
of Cu contamination in Shuikoushan. Our findings indicated that airborne volatile particles and aerosols contributed the most to As,
Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu contamination, while Cd and Cu may also derive from the discharge of wastewater from smelters and the leaching
of tailings, respectively. 相似文献
428.
Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control
devices of a 190 MW boiler 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chengli Wu Yan Cao Zhongbing Dong Chinmin Cheng Hanxu Li Weiping Pan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(2):277-282
Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction
(SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration
and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario
Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation
simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor
a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more
elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized
mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was
enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only
54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there
was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was
evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from
0.84 to 1.08. 相似文献
429.
灌溉管理改革的进展、特征及决定因素:黄河流域灌区的实证研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
论文采用两年的面板数据实证研究了我国黄河流域灌区灌溉管理改革的进展、特征及决定因素。研究结果表明,自20世纪90年代开始,黄河流域灌区灌溉管理改革取得了很大的进展,传统的集体管理已经逐步被承包管理和用水协会管理所取代,不同管理制度下农民参与的程度与管理的透明度都有所区别,政府的政策干预在促进灌溉管理改革上发挥了十分重要的作用,改革具有明显的政策导向性。在未来的灌溉管理改革中,政府部门应进一步出台相关鼓励改革政策,积极引导广大农民参与到改革的事业中,促进改革在更加广阔的农村地区的有效推进和良性发展。 相似文献
430.
Effects of sediment dredging on water quality and zooplankton community
structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Shiyang Zhang Qiaohong Zhou Dong Xu Jidong Lin Shuiping Cheng Zhenbin Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(2):218-224
Effects of suction dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake,were evaluated.The results showed that a decreasing trend for levels of phosphorus,organic matter,total suspended solids,Chlorophyll a and Secchi transparency in the water column was found,while levels of water depth,electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids and NO 3--N concentration increased markedly post-dredging.The effects of dredging on dissolved oxygen,pH value and temperature were alm... 相似文献