Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by chemically treated water hyacinth

Water hyacinth (WH), an aquatic plant macrophyte, was investigated for its ability to perform as a suitable adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The non-living biomass of WH was subjected to several chemical treatments, namely, washing with hot water, washing with hot dilute HCl, soaking in NaOH, soaking in HNO₃, and sulfonation. The system variables studied also include pH and MB concentration. The Langmuir isotherm was found to represent the measured adsorption data well except for WH soaked in NaOH, which was found to be better represented by the Freundlich isotherm. Values of the dimensionless separation factor, K _R, indicated that the adsorption systems in this study are all favorable. Values of the first layer of adsorption were calculated by the non-linear multilayer adsorption model, and the specific surface area values were found to be high and comparable to commercially activated carbons.     

气相色谱质谱联用技术在海面溢油事故鉴别中的应用——案例分析

通过对中国近海海域一个具体海面溢油事例的研究,提出了通过气相色谱及气质联用技术进行海面溢油鉴别的方法。采用GC-FID对油样中的正构烷烃的主要组分进行定性分析,利用GC-MS对油中难降解的生物标记化合物：霍烷及其他五环三萜类化合物、规则甾烷及重排甾烷类化合物、三芳甾类化合物、多环芳烃进行分析,计算相应的比值并采用“t-分布”方法进行溢油样品和可疑溢油源样的相关分析。结果如下：（1）从GC-FID色谱图可以看出,YY2679与KY0631、KY0632的色谱图极其相似,与其余四个可疑油源的色谱图差异较大。六个可疑油源的R值在0.04～1.95之间,只有KY0631和KY0632的R值小于0.1,KY0633～KY0636与YY2679的差异不是由风化引起的,可以排除,由此可以推断出YY2679溢油样品可能来源于KY0631或KY0632两个可疑溢油源。（2）采用21个生物标志物指标进行相关性判别,KY0631可疑溢油源在比值点的区间范围为95%和98%时,有多个点x或y误差棒均未跨过直线y=x。KY0632可疑溢油源在比值点的区间范围为95%时,各点的x或y误差棒均跨过直线y=x,由此推断YY2679溢油样品和可疑油源KY0632是同一油源。