宁夏毛乌素沙地3种常用固沙植物种群点格局分析

在宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地选取50 m×50 m规格的典型无明显结皮的半固定沙地和有明显结皮的固定沙地各1块,应用Ripley＇s K函数的双变量点格局分析方法,对飞播条件下混播区油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)、羊柴(Hedysarum laeve)和花棒(Hedysarurn scoparium)3种常用治沙植物种内和种间的空间关联性进行了研究.结果表明,3种飞播植物在不同的演替阶段基本上以集群分布为主要特征,在尺度为0～25m范围内,单种分布格局均出现了最大集聚强度.如果实施单独飞播,油蒿密度不宜过高,以集聚强度高的集群分布形式为最佳,羊柴以集聚强度低的集群分布形式为最佳,花棒由于其散生的特性而不适合单独飞播.油蒿和羊柴之间空间关联性呈显著负相关关系,故油蒿和羊柴不适合大面积高密度混播;羊柴和花棒之间呈正相关关系,因此以羊柴为主混播一定比例的花棒效果较好;花棒和油蒿不适合同时混播,但是可将油蒿飞播到有大花棒生长的沙地中.     

REP-LECOTOX: an example of FP 6 INCO project to strengthen ecotoxicological research in WBC (Western Balkan countries)

Background

In order to map exceedances of critical atmospheric deposition loads for nitrogen (N) surface data on the atmospheric deposition of N compounds to terrestrial ecosystems are needed. Across Europe such information is provided by the international European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) in a resolution of 50 km by 50 km, relying on both emission data and measurement data on atmospheric depositions. The objective of the article at hand is on the improvement of the spatial resolution of the EMEP maps by combining them with data on the N concentration in mosses provided by the International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LTRAP) Convention.

Methods

The map on atmospheric depositions of total N as modelled by EMEP was intersected with geostatistical surface estimations on the N concentration in mosses at a resolution of 5 km by 5 km. The medians of the N estimations in mosses were then calculated for each 50 km by 50 km grid cell. Both medians of moss estimations and corresponding modelled deposition values were ln-transformed and their relationship investigated and modelled by linear regression analysis. The regression equations were applied on the moss kriging estimates of the N concentration in mosses. The respective residuals were projected onto the centres of the EMEP grid cells and were mapped using variogram analysis and kriging procedures. Finally, the residual and the regression map were summed up to the map of total N deposition in terrestrial ecosystems throughout Europe.

Results and discussion

The regression analysis of the estimated N concentrations in mosses and the modelled EMEP depositions resulted in clear linear regression patterns with coefficients of determination of r ² = 0.62 and Pearson correlations of r _p = 0.79 and Spearman correlations of r _s = 0.70, respectively. Regarding the German territory a nationwide mean of 18.1 kg/ha/a (standard deviation: 3.49 kg/ha/a) could be derived from the resulting map on total N deposition in a resolution of 5 km by 5 km. Recent updates of the modelled atmospheric deposition of N provided a similar estimate for Germany.

Conclusions

The linking of modelled EMEP data on the atmospheric depositions of total N and the accumulation of N in mosses allows to map the deposition of total N in a high resolution of 5 km by 5 km using empirical moss data. The mapping relies on the strong statistical relationship between both processes that are physically and chemically related to each other. The mapping approach thereby relies on available data that are both based on European wide harmonized methodologies. From an ecotoxicological point of view the linking of data on N depositions and those on N bioaccumulation can be considered a substantial progress.     

压缩天然气技术的应用现状及进展

压缩天然气(CNG)是专用于汽车替代汽油的燃料。随着中国政府对环境保护工作的重视和能源结构战略的调整,与世界上其他国家一样,CNG技术在中国也得到快速发展及推广应用。对CNG技术在国内的发展及应用现状进行了分析,论述了压缩天然气替代汽油后每年在环境和经济方面所产生的效益。指出了存在的问题并提出了相应的解决办法。     

花园城市建设中的绿地系统问题研究——以南昌市为例

分析了南昌市绿化的地理背景、存在的差距和主要问题。从重建城市生态及完善城市防灾体系的角度，因地制宜地提出了发展特色鲜明的城市绿地系统的相应对策与措施。     

LYl2半球形件拉深成形过程的动力显式有限元模拟

基于连续介质力学及有限变形理论 ,建立了用于三维板料成形过程模拟的有限元模型 ,开发了动力显式算法的板料成形过程模拟的有限元分析程序DESSFORMM3D。最后 ,用笔者新开发的动力显式弹粘塑性有限元程序对不同压边情况下半球形件的拉深过程进行分析 ,并把数值结果与实验进行对比 ,验证了软件的计算结果。     

A simple electrophoretic procedure for fetal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia due to short deletions

This study describes three couples a t risk for homozygous β-thalassaemia in which one of the partners carried a short deletion β-thalassaemia defect. Detection of short deletions in trophoblast DNA was accomplished by the very simple procedure of non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method may be applied to detect β-thalassaemia mutations due to deletion or addition of more than two nucleotides.     

转炉钢渣回收风淬水冷工艺的排风量确定

转炉钢渣回收风淬水冷工艺过程中产生有水蒸气、余热、烟尘等多种工业污染物,工艺排风量确定受到工艺生产过程阵发性、烟气温差大、水蒸气含量多等因素影响。通过研究工艺过程热风平衡,分析确定了工艺过程排风量,其中考虑了分散钢渣液进入排风罩内的压缩空气量、钢渣水冷粒化过程产生的过热水蒸气量以及保证罩内负压的排风量。结合工程实例进行了设计计算。     

三峡库区（湖北部分）珍稀濒危保护植物资源现状

对长江三峡库区（湖北部分）宜昌,兴山,秭归和巴东４县的调查表明,三峡库区天然分布有殂稀濒危植物４０种,隶属２７科３６属,分别占湖北省总数６２种和全国总数３８８种的６４．５％和１０．３％;天然分布有国家重点保护植物１３１种,隶属２７科７３属,分别占湖北省总数的２０６种和全国总数的１７００多种的６３．６％和７．７％,其中国家一级保护植物有红豆杉、南方红豆杉、珙酮、光叶珙酮４种。国家二级保护植物有金毛狗     

高效水质除砷剂应用研究

较详细地介绍了一种高效除砷剂的实验室除砷应用研究。该除砷剂可用两种不同的活化方式进行活化处理,可用于不同的使用场合。一种适用于高砷地区的家庭生活饮用水除砷处理,另一种可用于高含砷量的工业废水或矿井水除砷处理。