巴里坤-伊吾盆地平原区地下水污染风险评价

开展地下水污染风险评价研究是地下水污染防控的重要环节.以巴里坤-伊吾盆地平原区地下水为研究对象,构建DRSTIW模型进行地下水脆弱性评价;根据污染场地调查资料和土地利用类型划分点源和面源污染,进行地下水污染荷载评价;考虑地下水的原生价值、经济价值和生态价值进行地下水功能价值评价;利用ArcGIS的地图代数功能生成地下水污染风险评价图,采用ROC曲线验证地下水污染风险评价结果,通过计算G指数得到地下水污染风险空间冷热点分布,结合重心和标准差椭圆对热点变动情况进行定量分析.结果表明,研究区地下水污染风险整体较低,高污染风险区和较高污染风险区仅占研究区总面积的6.8%,主要位于伊吾县的淖毛湖镇、盐池镇,巴里坤县的奎苏镇、石人子乡、花园乡和兵团红山农场,该区域内地下水埋深较浅,土壤表层和包气带介质透水性能较强,吸附能力较差,加之污染源分布较集中,使得污染物易于迁移富集,在地下水高脆弱性和高污染荷载的双重作用下导致局部区域地下水污染风险升高.受人类活动影响,地下水污染风险在空间上存在一定的集聚现象,整体表现为由西北向东南演变的趋势.地下水污染风险评价结果为划分地下水污染防治区提供重要参考.     

膜生物反应器净化石油化工污水的研究

介绍了将膜生物反应器用于石油化工污水净化的研究，研制了一套实验室规模的好氧分离式膜生物反应器，膜组件为中空纤维超滤膜，生物反应器为活性污泥曝气池。该实验装置对石油化工污水中ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ５、ＳＳ、浊度、石油类的去除率分别为７８％－９８％、９６％－９９％、７４％－９９％，９８％－１００％，８７％；出水中ＣＯＤ、ＢＯ５、ＳＳ、浊度、石油类分类为１５．８－６８．６ｍｇ／Ｌ，２．４－７．８ｍｇ／Ｌ、１．２     

城市交通机动车污染控制研究进展

城市交通机动车污染问题非常复杂，在许多不可控因素，城市交通是一个动态系统，污染物排放量始终处于变化之中，控制城市交通污染，必须严格控制机动车排放，该文介绍了国内外对城市机动车污染控制研究的概况，以及几种城市中污染物扩散的模型，展望了这方面研究前发展趋势，并提出了可持续发展的效能系统设计与管理的新概念。     

Adsorption of Pb, Cd to Fe, Mn oxides in natural freshwater surface coatings developed in different seasons

Metal oxides( Fe, Mn oxides) in natural surface coatings(biofilms and associated minerals) are believed to play a significant role n the fate and transport of trace metal in aquatic environments. Seasonal variation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials in surface oatings, which were developed periodically on glass slides in Nanhu Lake, Jilin Province, China over the time frame of three seasons,was investigated in order to understand the influence of metal oxides on Pb and Cd adsorption to heterogeneous surface coating materials(biofilm). Pb and Cd adsorption was measured under controlled laboratory conditions( mineral salts solution with defined speciation, ionic trength 0.05 mol/L, 25~C and pH 6.0). The classical Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applied to estimate equilibrium coefficients of Pb nd Cd adsorption to the surface coatings. In general, components in the surface coatings varied greatly with seasons altering and btained higher concentrations in summer while the content of iron oxides always exceeded that of manganese oxides. Correlation nalyses between the maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd and components in the surface coatings developed periodically indicated that Pb hase association with Mn oxides and Cd phase association with Fe oxides as well as Mn oxides were statistically significant. Effect of Mn xides on Cd adsorption was confirmed in view of its higher content in the surface coatings. The importance of ferromanganese oxides for b and Cd adsorption to the natural surface coatings developed in different seasons was evidenced.     

城市大气自动监测系统监测资料的处理及其应用

本文讨论城市大气自动监测系统资料处理及其应用的某些问题。总结了对数正态分布、指数分布、Г分布和Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布等分布模型对监测资料分布拟合的适用性及分布模型拟合判别指标。介绍了监测资料在监测时空代表性分析、污染物浓度预防研究方面的应用途径。     

饮用水中BDOC测定动力学研究

采用悬浮培养测定法,讨论了ＢＤＯＣ测定中动力学特性,得出在２８ｄ测定中ＢＤＯＣ的降解动力学满足一级反应,动力学方程为ＢＤＯＣｔ＝ＢＤＯＣｕ（１＝１０＾－０．０７７ｔ）,降解常数ｋ＝０．０７７ｄ＾－１,通过比较实测的ＢＤＯＣ３和据公式计算出的ＢＤＯＣ３,证明这种动力学关系基本正确。     

Spatiotemporal variations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological influences over typical urban agglomerations in China during the COVID-19 lockdown

To investigate the air quality change during the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed spatiotemporal variations of six criteria pollutants in nine typical urban agglomerations in China using ground-based data and examined meteorological influences through correlation analysis and backward trajectory analysis under different responses. Concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, SO₂ and CO in urban agglomerations respectively decreased by 18%–45% (30%–62%), 17%–53% (22%–39%), 47%-64% (14%–41%), 9%–34% (0%–53%) and 16%-52% (23%–56%) during Lockdown (Post-lockdown) period relative to Pre-lockdown period. PM_2.5 pollution events occurred during Lockdown in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebe (BTH) and Middle and South Liaoning (MSL), and daily O₃ concentration rose to grade Ⅱ standard in Post-lockdown period. Distinct from the nationwide slump of NO₂ during Lockdown period, a rebound (～40%) in Post-lockdown period was observed in Cheng-Yu (CY), Yangtze River Middle-Reach (YRMR), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD). With slightly higher wind speed compared with 2019, the reduction of PM_2.5 (51%–62%) in Post-lockdown period is more than 2019 (15%–46%) in HC (Harbin-Changchun), MSL, BTH, CP (Central Plain) and SP (Shandong-Peninsula), suggesting lockdown measures are effective to PM_2.5 alleviation. Although O₃ concentrations generally increased during the lockdown, its increment rate declined compared with 2019 under similar sunlight duration and temperature. Additionally, unlike HC, MSL and BTH, which suffered from additional (> 30%) air masses from surrounding areas after the lockdown, the polluted air masses reaching YRD and PRD mostly originated from the long-distance transport, highlighting the importance of joint regional governance.     

Isolation and characterization of a strain with high microbial attachment in aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granule is a special microbial aggregate associated with biofilm structure. The formation of aerobic granular sludge is primarily depending on its bacterial community and relevant microbiological properties. In this experiment, a strain with high microbial attachment was isolated from aerobic granular sludge, and the detailed characteristics were examined. Its high attachment ability could reach 2.34 (OD_600nm), while other low attachment values were only around 0.06-0.32, which indicated a big variation among the different bacteria. The strain exhibited a very special morphology with many fibric fingers under SEM observation. A distinctive behaviour was to form a spherical particle by themselves, which would be very beneficial for the formation and development of granular sludge. The EPS measurement showed that its PN content was higher than low attachment bacteria, and 3D-EEM confirmed that there were some different components. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis, it was identified to mostly belong to Stenotrophomonas. Its augmentation to particle sludge cultivation demonstrated that the strain could significantly promote the formation of aerobic granule. Conclusively, it was strongly suggested that it might be used as a good and potential model strain or chassis organism for the aerobic granular sludge formation and development.     

膜生物反应器中膜的最佳反冲洗周期

将解吸分为平衡解吸和完全解吸两种类型，对水环境中含油泥沙上油分子的解吸特性进行了研究，通过试验，分析了解吸平衡时的吸附等温线及平衡解吸量随清水解吸液用量变化的规律，同时也对含油泥沙发生完全解吸时的最大解吸量和极限残留量进行了研究，并得出了它们随泥沙粒径变化的规律。