中国生态脆弱区叶面积指数变化的主导气象因子研究

开展气候变化背景下中国生态脆弱区叶面积指数（LAI）变化的主导气象因子研究,对揭示该区陆地生态系统的变化规律和生态系统对气候变化的动态响应具有重要意义,并为生态恢复建设提供科学依据。基于CN0 5.1气象数据和全球陆表特征参量（GLASS）LAI产品,利用主成分分析方法研究了中国生态脆弱区1982—2017年LAI的变化特征及其主导气象因子。结果显示：1982—2017年,中国生态脆弱区气温基本呈上升趋势,而降水趋势的区域差异显著。大部分生态脆弱区LAI呈增长趋势,包括干旱半干旱、黄土高原、青藏高原和西南岩溶山地石漠化脆弱区大部,以及北方农牧林草脆弱区西部和东南部、南方农牧脆弱区北部和东南部。中国生态脆弱区LAI增长的主导气象因子是气温,其中生态脆弱区大部LAI增长的主导气象因子是日平均气温,而干旱半干旱脆弱区西部和南方农牧脆弱区LAI增长的主导气象因子分别是和日最低和最高气温。研究表明,在研究时段升温对我国生态脆弱区植被生长有积极影响,但在一些区域受湿度状况调制。     

原子荧光光谱法测定环境水样中的锡

AFS-9700双道原子荧光光度计测定环境水样中的锡,选择最佳的仪器条件:负高压300V,原子化器高度8mm,灯电流80mA,载气流量400ml/min,屏蔽气流量900ml/min。在最佳酸碱比例-体积分数为4.0%的硝酸介质与20g/L硼氢化钾中,锡荧光强度与其质量浓度在1.00~10.0ug/L成线性关系,方法检出限为0.010ug/L,加标回收率为94.4%~105%,RSD(n=7)<2.3%。此方法更为简便,快速,灵敏度高,适用于环境水样中锡的测定。     

Metal composition of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) regulating ClO4- adsorption to calcined LDHs via the memory effect and hydrogen bonding

A series of calcined carbonate layered double hydroxides （CLDHs） with various metal compositions and different M^2＋/M^3＋ ratios were prepared as adsorbents for perchlorate. Adsorption isotherms fit Langmuir model well, and the adsorption amount followed the order of MgA1-CLDHs 1〉 MgFeCLDHs 〉〉 ZnA1-CLDHs. The isotherms of MgA1-CLDHs and MgFe-CLDHs displayed a two-step shape at low and high concentration ranges and increased with an increase in the M^2＋/M^3＋ ratio from 2 to 4. The two-step isotherm was not observed for ZnA1-CLDHs, and the adsorption was minimally affected by the M^2＋/M^3＋ ratio. The LDHs, CLDHs and the reconstructed samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, FT-IR and Raman spectra to delineate the analysis of perchlorate adsorption mechanisms. The perchlorate adsorption of MgA1-CLDHs and MgFe-CLDHs was dominated by the structural memory effect and the hydrogen bonds between the free hydroxyl groups on the reconstructed-LDHs and the oxygen atoms of the perchlorates. For ZnAI-CLDHs, the perchlorate adsorption was controlled by the structural memory effect only, as the hydroxyl groups on the hydroxide layers preferred to form strong hydrogen bonds with carbonate over perchlorate, which locked the intercalated perchlorate into a more confined nano-interlayer. Several distinct binding mechanisms of perchlorate by CLDHs with unique M^2＋ ions were proposed.     

甘肃大剧院室内设计及声学设计与施工

介绍甘肃省大剧场室内施工阶段修改扩建建筑大堂的进深满足大堂空间声场视觉要求、解决并优化了会议室的吸声要求及空间落差、增加了上下场门声闸、大堂吸声天花的重量、弥补了观众厅吸声面积过大的过失,调整乐池吸声材料面积。对大剧院设计元素简化统一突出文化内含,调整楼座坐位处轮廓造型避免声聚焦的形成。     

某冶炼厂污染场地抽出-处理技术优化方案研究

本文以某冶炼厂实际污染场地为例,建立了水流和溶质运移耦合模型,在此基础上根据不同的井数、不同的单井抽水量、不同的井间距的组合建立了抽水方案79组,将各抽水方案进行不同权重的加权平均计算,得到的较集中的方案为最佳。此方法得出的方案较其他方法得到的方案优化性强。因此加权平均结合数值模拟方法可为实际工程提供可行性证据。     

MTBE装置职业病危害关键控制点及防护对策

通过职业病危害现场调查,分析了某MTBE装置的生产工艺、装置存在的主要职业病危害因素、检测结果、职业病危害防护措施,找出了职业病危害的关键控制点,并提出了防护对策.     

Cd(Ⅱ)胁迫/诱导下铜绿假单胞菌EPS组分变化及其吸附性能

产生胞外聚合物(EPS)是微生物减缓或消除不利影响的自我保护机制,其中的蛋白组分发挥着十分重要的作用.为了达到定向调控EPS的目的 ,本研究通过不同浓度Cd(Ⅱ)对铜绿假单胞菌进行胁迫/诱导培养,研究了胁迫前后EPS组分以及对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能的变化.结果 表明,Cd(Ⅱ)胁迫浓度为50 mg·L-1时,EPS中蛋白...     

厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥胞外聚合物金属元素特性

为探究厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥胞外金属元素特性,将厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥根据粒径筛分为0.5~1.4mm、1.4~2.8mm、>2.8mm 3组,提取不同粒径厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥胞外聚合物（EPS）,研究EPS金属元素特性.结果表明,蛋白质（PN）是厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥EPS的主要成分,占EPS含量的84.2%以上.随着粒径的增大,EPS中Na、K、Ca、Mg元素含量均增多,且与EPS中蛋白质含量变化一致.EPS中K、Ca、Mg元素的离子形式占比分别为68.6%、56.2%、94.7%.EPS经过阳离子交换树脂（CER）处理后,0.5~1.4mm、1.4~2.8mm、>2.8mm组EPS Zeta电位分别减小了4.7,7.2,9.1mV,EPS中的金属离子可通过压缩双电层作用促进颗粒污泥的聚集,金属离子对大粒径颗粒污泥EPS Zeta电位的影响幅度更大.     

A highly porous animal bone-derived char with a superiority of promoting nZVI for Cr(VI) sequestration in agricultural soils

Paddy soil and irrigation water are commonly contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] near urban industrial areas, thereby threatening the safety of agricultural products and human health. In this study, we develop a porous and high specific area bone char (BC) to support nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and apply it to remediate Cr(VI) pollution in water and paddy soil under anaerobic conditions. The batch experiments reveal that BC/nZVI exhibits a higher removal capacity of 516.7 mg/(g?nZVI) for Cr(VI) than nZVI when normalized to the actual nZVI content, which is 2.8 times that of nZVI; moreover, the highest nZVI utilization is the nZVI loading of 15% (BC/nZVI15). The Cr(VI) removal efficiency of BC/nZVI15 decreases with increasing pH (4 – 10). Coexisting ions (phosphate and carbonate) and humic acid can inhibit the removal of Cr(VI) with BC/nZVI15. Additionally, BC exhibits a strong advantage in promoting Cr(VI) removal by nZVI compared to the widely used biochar and activated carbon. Our results demonstrate that reduction and coprecipitation are the dominant Cr(VI) removal mechanisms. Furthermore, BC/nZVI15 shows a significantly higher reduction and removal efficiency as well as a strong anti-interference ability for Cr(VI) in paddy soil, as compared to nZVI. These findings provide a new effective material for remediating Cr(VI) pollution from water and soil.