枣庄市水体污染现状及治理对策研究

对枣庄市水体环境污染现状进行了简要分析，对7条主要河流水质现状进行比较，运用指数平滑预测模型、灰色预测模型以及组合预测模型等三种预测分析方法对2010年枣庄市水环境污染状况进行了预测，在借鉴国外水污染治理成功经验的基础上，根据枣庄市水污染现状和成因，按照系统性、可持续发展、统一规划、分期实施的原则，研究了枣庄市水环境污染综合治理对策，提出从观念技术创新（发展循环经济等）、体制机制改革（进行水资源管理体制改革等）、公共财政投入（工程设施、资金保障等）等方面进行枣庄市的城市水环境污染的治理工作。     

间歇式活性污泥法处理1-4丁二醇废水的研究

用间歇式活性污泥法(SBR法)对高浓度1-4丁二醇废水进行了处理研究。实验测定了污泥沉降性能,测试了最佳曝气时间、最佳pH值范围以及SBR处理系统耐污染的负荷。实验结果表明:SBR法的污泥沉降比为15%～30%,完全符合活性污泥正常运行时的沉降标准。处理污水的最佳曝气时间为5h,最佳pH值范围为7～8。该处理系统耐冲击,能承受较高的污染负荷,对水质的波动有较强的承受能力。利用SBR法可以处理1-4丁二醇、聚丙烯酰胺和顺丁烯二酸酐三套装置排放的混合污水。     

再生造纸废水絮凝除浊试验研究

本研究采用絮凝法对再生造纸废水中含细小纤维、无机填料的悬浮物进行处理试验，比较了硫酸亚铁与聚丙烯酰胺复合絮凝剂和聚硅酸氯化铁盐两种絮凝剂的絮凝效果，研究了制备聚硅酸氯化铁盐的铁硅比、pH值、碱化度以及投加量与废水除浊率之间的相互关系。实验结果表明：在最佳条件下，絮凝效果优异，除浊率达到98％，上清液无色透明。     

BNM宽频一线通图像监控报警系统

近几年,由于图像监控报警的需求范围迅速扩大,因而有关图像监控系统的研究开发成果屡见不鲜.常规的模拟图像监控系统,由于传输组网产品的发展滞后,尤其是多视点和长距离监控系统的传输组网问题非常突出,它已经成为当前限制模拟图像监控应用发展的瓶颈.数字监控系统是以计算机为核心对图像进行数字化处理后实现数字传输与处理,但对于分散的距离长、视点多实时图像监控,需要的设备费用昂贵.尽管图像监控数字化、网络化是今后的发展方向,但对于普通的应用场合,其性价比将受到考验.     

Sequence-based source tracking of Escherichia coli based on genetic diversity of beta-glucuronidase

High levels of fecal bacteria are a concern for recreational waters; however, the source of contamination is often unknown. This study investigated whether direct sequencing of a bacterial gene could be utilized for detecting genetic differences between bacterial strains for microbial source tracking. A 525-nucleotide segment of the gene for beta-glucuronidase (uidA) was sequenced in 941 Escherichia coli isolates from the Clinton River-Lake St. Clair watershed, 182 E. coli isolates from human and animal feces, and 34 E. coli isolates from a combined sewer. Environmental isolates exhibited 114 alleles in 11 groups on a genetic tree. Frequency of strains from different genetic groups differed significantly (p < 0.03) between upstream reaches (Bear Creek-Red Run), downstream reaches, and Lake St. Clair beaches. Fecal E. coli uidA sequences exhibited 81 alleles that overlapped with the environmental set. An algorithm to assign alleles to different host sources averaged approximately 75% correct classification with the fecal data set. Using the same algorithm, the percent of environmental isolates assignable to humans decreased significantly between Bear Creek-Red Run (30 +/- 3%) and the beaches (17 +/- 2%) (p < 0.05). Birds accounted for approximately 50% of assignable environmental isolates. For combined sewer isolates, the same algorithm assigned 51% to humans. These experiments demonstrate differences in the frequency of different E. coli strains at different locations in a watershed, and provide a "proof in principle" that sequence-based data can be used for microbial source tracking.     

关于中国的水安全问题及其对策探讨

随着全球性资源生态危机的加剧及全球化进程的飞速发展 ,国家安全要素扩大到包括资源环境在内的一些非传统安全要素上 ,现今 ,水安全已成为国家安全问题的核心内容之一。为此 ,笔者探讨了我国水安全存在的一些主要问题 ;分析了产生这些问题的原因 ;提供了解决这些问题的对策。     

Estimating runoff phosphorus losses from calcareous soils in the Minnesota River basin

Bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) in stormwater runoff is a key issue for control of eutrophication in agriculturally impacted watersheds. Laboratory experiments were conducted in soil runoff boxes to determine BAP content in simulated storm runoff in 10 (mostly) calcareous soils from the Minnesota River basin in southern Minnesota. The soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) portion of the runoff BAP was significantly correlated with soil Mehlich-III P, Olsen P, and water-extractable P (all r2 > 0.90 and p < 0.001). A linear relationship (r2 = 0.88, p < 0.001) also was obtained between SRP in runoff and the phosphorus saturation index based on sorptivity (PSIs) calculated with sorptivity as a measure of the inherent soil P sorption capacity. Runoff levels of BAP estimated with iron oxide-impregnated paper were predicted well by various soil test P methods and the PSI, of the soils, but correlation coefficients between these variables and runoff BAP were generally lower than those for runoff SRP. Using these relationships and critical BAP levels for stream eutrophication, we found corresponding critical levels of soil Mehlich-III P and Olsen P (which should not be exceeded) to be 65 to 85 and 40 to 55 mg kg(-1), respectively.     

Combined amendment reduces soil Cd availability and rice Cd accumulation in three consecutive rice planting seasons

The scientific application of stabilized materials has been considered an effective method for the in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. This study aimed to investigate the persistence of the effect of a combined amendment of limestone and sepiolite(LS) on soil Cd availability and accumulation in rice grown in a mildly Cd-contaminated paddy field(0.45 mg/kg of Cd) over three consecutive rice seasons. 1125–4500 kg/ha of LS was applied to the soil before the first rice planting season and 5...     

三峡库区填埋场和焚烧厂渗滤液水质季节性差异

分析了重庆长生桥垃圾填埋场和同兴焚烧厂渗滤液在常规水质和溶解性有机质组成结构方面的季节性差异. 结果表明,填埋场渗滤液在夏季的ρ(COD_Cr), ρ(TOC), ρ(BOD₅),ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(VFA)均高于其他季节,相应指标在冬季最低,但ρ(NH₃-N)和 pH的季节性差异不明显. 填埋场渗滤液中DOM组成结构的季节性差异较大,表现在冬季渗滤液中HA所占比例最高,为16.1%,而春、夏季分别为6.6%和8.1%;冬季渗滤液中HyI所占比例最低,为32.7%,其他季节为41.9%～43.5%;ρ(FA)的季节性差异相对较小. 填埋场中ρ(FA)/ρ(HA)的季节性差异较大,夏季较高,冬季较小. 焚烧厂渗滤液的常规水质,DOM的构成及ρ(FA)/ρ(HA)的季节性差异均很小.      

Investigation of cell proliferation and differentiation in the mantle of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinctada </Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">fucata</Emphasis> (Bivalve,Mollusca)

The mantle of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata was adopted for the proliferation profile study in our work and a proliferation hot spot was found in the outer epithelia of mantle central zone using the BrdU immunohistochemistry method. This result contradicts the previous research that the mantle has numerous growth centers all over the mantle epithelium, with the same proliferation activity throughout the whole mantle outer epithelial cells. This is the first report on the different proliferation features on the whole mantle where Alcian Blue/PAS staining analysis and ultrastructural observation with the aid of transmission electron microscope (TEM) demonstrated distinct features of the epithelium in four different regions of the mantle. Results from the present investigation displayed that in the outer epithelium of the marginal zone in mantle outer fold, organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were well-developed and double membrane bounded vesicles were present; in the outer epithelia of mantle central zone, stem-like cells with a high ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm and comparatively undeveloped organelles were detected. Together with the observations of the cell proliferation profile of different regions of the mantle, a hypothetic model for the proliferation and differentiation of the pearl oyster’s mantle is proposed: there exists a proliferation “hot spot” in the outer epithelial cells of central zone and the proliferation ability decreases progressively from this “hot spot” towards the marginal zone; the whole mantle’s differentiation occurs continuously with its growth and the direction is from the proliferation ‘hot spot’ (central zone) towards the marginal zone. Furthermore, another interesting result was found when the proliferation rate was investigated together with the tidal rhythm: the proliferation activity was found to be closely correlated with the tidal rhythm, indicating that the mantle outer epithelia’s proliferation rhythm might be the impetus of the shell’s daily growth bands.