1995年江西省特大水灾分析

在调查分析的基础上，依次阐述了1995年江西省3次严重洪涝灾害的灾情、致灾原因等，并与1954年、1983年两次特大洪涝灾害的雨情、水情及灾情进行比较，最后探讨了今后进一步提高防汛减灾效益的对策。     

洪水的等级划分及其减灾意义

根据地震,风力等级的数学结构,提出一种洪水等级划分公式;对用等级表示洪水大小的减灾意义作了初步分析。     

氯磺酚偶氮硫代若丹宁光度法测定环境水样中的汞

研究了氯磺酚偶氮硫代若丹宁(HSCT)与汞的显色反应。在pH3 8的HAc-NaAc缓冲介质中,TritonX-100存在下,HSCT与汞反应生成2∶1稳定络合物,λmax=550nm,体系ε=8 46×104L·mol-1·cm-1。汞含量在0—1 5mg/L内符合比耳定律。方法可用于水样中痕量汞含量的测定。     

溴氧化甲基红褪色光度法测定大气中游离溴

利用溴(Br2)能氧化甲基红溶液并使其褪色,褪色程度与溴量呈线性关系的原理,通过对溶液酸度、各试剂用量等反应条件和可能存在的干扰进行了研究,建立了一种测定大气中游离溴的分析方法.方法的检出限为0.25μg/10ml,摩尔消光系数ε=3.9×104,线性范围为0～16μg/10ml.分别测定含溴量为2.4μg和5.60μg,结果表明,相对标准偏差在6.7%和5.0%(n=9)之间,相对误差小于7.0%.     

污水处理过程中聚糖菌的富集培养

研究了通过磷限制条件来达到聚糖菌的选择与富集,同时在驯化过程中还观察到,在第一阶段培养过程中,对除磷效果乙酸比丙酸更加有效。     

新型厌氧反应器处理生活污水的研究进展

新型高速厌氧反应器的发生使生活污水的厌氧处理成功可能，介绍了几种厌氧反应器的特点及其在生活污水处理中的研究现状。     

厌氧水解-好氧处理蒽醌废水试验研究

采用厌氧水解—好氧和单独好氧处理两种生化方法对蒽醌染整废水进行了平行对照试验。结果表明，厌氧水解—好氧处理方法可有效地提高该废水的可生化程度。当进水CODcr浓度为400mg／L、色度为800倍时，厌氧水解—好氧处理后出水CODcr可达120—170mg／L，CODcr去除率在63％以上，色度降低至150倍，明显优于单一好氧处理的出水水质。     

Anthropogenic Calcium Particles Observed in Beijing and Qingdao, China

Analysis of individual particles collected at Beijing in northern China revealed that particles abundant in calcium (Ca) always constituted a large fraction of mineral particles in the urban atmosphere. The particles were characterized by cubic morphologies. The major mineral element in the particles was Ca and few or no other mineral elements were detected. A large number of the particles were in the range of diameter <1 μm, where common natural mineral particles were rarely detected. The contribution of the Ca particles to the volume of total mineral particles greatly exceeded that of other mineral particles during non-dust-storm periods and was comparable to that during dust-storm periods. Reagent film tests showed that particulate sulfate and nitrate formation on the Ca particles was similar to that on common mineral particles. These results indicate that a large portion of Ca in the atmospheric particulate matter in Beijing was from anthropogenic sources rather than from natural sources, and the anthropogenic Ca particles acted as a significant medium for the formation of sulfate and nitrate. Similar particles were also detected at Qingdao, a coastal city in northern China. Data of a dust storm event showed that Ca-abundant particles from East China arrived there and moved out of the continent, similarly to Asian dust storm particles, suggesting possible contributions of anthropogenic Ca even in Asian dust storm samples in the downstream areas. Therefore, Ca may not be a good indicator of Asian dust from natural sources. However, the Ca particles, due to their unique shapes and elemental compositions, may provide an indicator for the atmospheric dispersion of anthropogenic particulate matters in East Asia.     

石化企业的消防安全评价

本以“石油化工企业设计防火规范”等消防规范和德尔菲专家调查法为基础，尝试进行石化企业内自然厂的消防安全评价。评价中，固定消防设施部分以各生产装置和储运设施为单元，各装置、设施的权重在道化学公司火灾、爆炸危险指数法的基础上确定；移动消防力量部分和消防管理部分以厂为单元，各指标的权重由层次分析法确定。对于各指标的评价打分，本暂不给出明确的分级标准，而是在各项指标下设置若干检查要点，专家根据实际情况与相关法规条的符合程度进行打分。最终采用线性加权模型得出评价结果，并根据各指标的整改效果排序确定整改的重点。     

珠江流域人群对典型EDCs的暴露及致癌风险评价

研究以珠江流域为例,结合美国EPA致癌风险评估模型,通过构建多介质-多途径暴露模型,定量评估了该区域居民暴露于镉(Cd)、滴滴涕(DDT)和多氯联苯(PCBs)等典型EDCs污染物的致癌风险,分析风险来源、暴露介质及暴露途径,并探讨不同环境介质的致癌风险贡献率.结果表明:Cd、DDT和PCBs的暴露剂量达2.36×10-4,6.46×10-5,4.62×10-5mg/(kg·d);暴露途径中经口摄入是最主要途径;总致癌风险为2.04×10-4,高于国内外所规定的可接受致癌风险水平上限(1×10-4),环境介质中蔬菜和大米对致癌风险贡献较大,区域主要典型EDCs污染物Cd和PCBs对致癌风险贡献率较大(分别达44%、45%).