新型气浮净化技术在处理废纸造纸生产废水中的应用

采用新型气浮净化技术结合生化工艺处理废纸造纸生产废水，在进水CODcr，SS，BOD5分别为1200mg／L，800mg／L，300mg／L的情况下，出水分别为64．8mg／L，18mg／L和30mg／L。     

烟气排放连续监测系统比对监测中存在问题探讨研究

随着工业化、城镇化进程加快和消费结构的持续升级,能源需求刚性增长、国内资源保障能力受限、环境容量受到制约,"十二五"时期的节能减排工作显得尤为紧迫、艰巨和重要。污染源自动监测数据作为节能减排监测体系中计算排污企业主要污染物排放量和确定达标排放的重要依据,是环境保护主管部门进行总量考核、监督执法、排污申报核定等工作的数据基础。用传统的国家标准方法对固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统进行比对测试时,会受到水分、一氧化碳、硫化氢、监测点位以及分析方法的影响,对比对测试结果会造成一定影响;通过分析比对监测过程中的影响原因,针对相应的影响因素给出了相应的对策措施,提高了自动监测数据的准确性和有效性。     

城市表层土壤重金属污染分析研究

根据某城市土壤表层中的8种重金属Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Ni、Zn的浓度数据,利用地统计学原理方法,研究了不同功能区土壤重金属的污染特征。结果表明Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn在工业区和主干道路区浓度超标,并且这几种元素的富集系数偏高,说明污染来源主要是工业生产、汽车尾气排放及汽车轮胎磨损等。此研究对城市土壤重金属污染治理及修复、重金属污染重点行业污染控制等提供参考。     

Soot reduction by addition of dimethyl carbonate in normal and inverse ethylene diffusion flames: Nanostructural evidence

Oxygenated fuel represents an attractive alternative as an additive for reducing soot emissions.Dimethyl carbonate(DMC) is an oxygenated compound which is a good option to reduce soot,but the detailed characteristics of soot produced from combustion of hydrocarbon fuels blended with DMC are still lacking. The present research studied the nanostructure and reactivity of soot particles in ethylene/DMC normal and inverse diffusion flames. High resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)were used to analyze the nanostructure and reactivity of soot. It was found that DMC addition was effective in decreasing the average weights of soot formed in flames. The results of HRTEM images showed that soot particles obtained with DMC addition showed liquid-like material and tight bonding, and exhibited more highly disorganized layers, which give it higher reactivity than soot obtained without DMC addition. Furthermore, HRTEM was used to analyze soot fringe characteristics consisting of fringe tortuosity, fringe length, and fringe separation. XRD was used to crosscheck the results for fringe separation, and was consistent with HRTEM results. In addition, the mass loss curve of TGA experiments showed that DMC addition could enhance the reactivity of soot particles.     

丹东生态环境监测业务系统设计与实现

丹东生态环境监测业务系统是用于生态环境监测日常业务观测,编制各类观测报文及数据上网传输的实用型业务系统。系统采取多窗157结构框架,合理布局功能窗口界面,兼容了地面气象观测数据文件格式,统一数据检查标准,观测数据处理更为准确有效。并以VB6．0可视化语言为开发工具适应不用版本Windows操作系统。基于生态环境监测数据统计、数据分析和数据发布为一体的多功能业务应用软件。     

Decomplexation of Cu-1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid by a three-dimensional electrolysis system with activated biochar as particle electrodes

The feasibility of decomplexation removal of typical contaminants in electroplating wastewater, complexed Cu(II) with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (Cu-HEDP), was first performed by a three-dimensional electric reactor with activated biochar as particle electrodes. For the case of 50 mg/L Cu-HEDP, Cu(II) removal (90.7%) and PO initial pH 7, acid-treated almond shell biochar (AASB) addition 20 g/L, and reaction time 180 min, with second-order rate constants of 1.10 × 10⁻³ and 1.94 × 10⁻⁵ min⁻¹respectively. The growing chelating effect between Cu(II) and HEDP and the comprehensive actions of adsorptive accumulation, direct and indirect oxidation given by particle electrodes accounted for the enhanced removal of Cu-HEDP, even though the mineralization of HEDP was mainly dependent on anode oxidation. The performance attenuation of AASB particle electrodes was ascribed to the excessive consumption of oxygen-containing functionalities during the reaction, especially acidic carboxylic groups and quinones on particle electrodes, which decreased from 446.74 to 291.48 µmol/g, and 377.55 to 247.71 µmol/g, respectively. Based on the determination of adsorption behavior and indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by in situ electrogenerated H₂O₂ and reactive oxygen species (e.g., •OH), a possible removal mechanism of Cu-HEDP by three-dimensional electrolysis was further proposed.     

山西矿区矸石山复垦种植施肥策略

围绕煤矸石缺乏有机活性物质及有效养分的问题，在矸石山复垦种植时，对施肥作了试验研究。结果表明，煤矸石风化物由于吸附性能低，保肥性差，所以施用化肥时一次用量不宜过大。并从降低复垦的投资与难度以及尽快建立一个可自我维持生长的植被出发，提出了矸石山复垦种植时化肥与污泥配合施用的施肥策略，并对污泥的施用效果做了研究。     

减排温室气体的经济手段：许可证交易和税收政策

温室气体的减排是当前国际社会关心的热点环境问题。本文首先从分析采用经济手段减排温室气体的潜在利弊出发，对温室气体排放交易和国际碳税进行了深入的分析比较。最后，提出了我国响应减排温室气体经济政策的若干建议。     

Nutrient removal in tropical subsurface flow constructed wetlands under batch and continuous flow conditions

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of batch versus continuous flow on the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (TP) in tropical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF CW). The quantitative role of the higher aquatic plants in nutrient removal in these two operational modes was also investigated. Results indicated no significant difference (p > 0.05) in COD removal between batch and continuous flow modes for either the planted or unplanted treatments. Furthermore, the batch-loaded planted wetlands showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher ammonium removal efficiencies (95.2%) compared with the continuously fed systems (80.4%), most probably because the drain and fill batch mode presented systematically more oxidized environmental conditions. With respect to TP removal, for both planted and unplanted beds, there was significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in batch flow operation (69.6% for planted beds; 39.1% for unplanted beds) as compared to continuous flow operation (46.8% for planted beds; 25.5% for unplanted beds). In addition, at a 4-day hydraulic retention time (HRT), the presence of plants significantly enhanced both ammonia oxidation and TP removal in both batch and continuous modes of operation as compared to that for unplanted beds. An estimation of the quantitative role of aeration from drain and fill operation at a 4-day HRT, as compared to rhizosphere aeration by the higher aquatic plant, indicated that drain and fill operation might account for only less than half of the higher aquatic plant's quantitative contribution of oxygen (1.55 g O2 per m2 per day for batch flow versus 1.13 g O2 per m2 per day for continuous flow).     

新农村建设污水处理工程实例

山海关区新民居污水治理工程采用水解酸化+接触氧化+曝气生物滤池为主的工艺进行污水治理,实际运行结果表明:系统运行稳定,处理出水COD≤48 mg.L-1,BOD5≤9 mg.L-1,SS≤10 mg.L-1,NH3-N≤4.5 mg.L-1,TP≤0.47 mg.L-1,处理出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,出水用于农村绿化和农灌,经济效益和环境效益明显。