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471.
纵向通风隧道内火灾温度场分布规律研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
以狮子洋水下特长隧道为工程背景,利用CFD数值模拟软件FDS 4.01,建立隧道实体物理模型,进行火灾数值模拟分析。研究了列车火灾热释放功率为15 MW、不同坡度、不同纵向通风风速下,该类隧道内拱顶附近和2 m高处温度场的纵向分布规律,以及各工况下拱顶的最高温度,并分析其对隧道结构防火和人员疏散救援的影响。结果表明:随隧道坡度的增大,在同一通风速率下的烟气回流长度逐渐减小,但随着风速的加大,坡度对烟气回流的影响逐渐减弱;随着通风风速的增大,火区附近的温度下降,而沿程温度上升,纵向通风速率越大,拱顶温度越低。 相似文献
472.
Spatial Relationships of Levees and Wetland Systems within Floodplains of the Wabash Basin,USA
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Ryan R. Morrison Erin Bray Fernando Nardi Antonio Annis Quan Dong 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(4):934-948
Given the unique biogeochemical, physical, and hydrologic services provided by floodplain wetlands, proper management of river systems should include an understanding of how floodplain modifications influence wetland ecosystems. The construction of levees can reduce river–floodplain connectivity, yet it is unclear how levees affect wetlands within floodplains, let alone the cumulative impacts within an entire watershed. This paper explores spatial relationships between levee and floodplain wetland systems in the Wabash Basin, United States. We used a hydrogeomorphic floodplain delineation technique to map floodplain extents and identify wetlands that may be hydrologically connected to river networks. We then spatially examined the relationship between levee presence, wetland area, and other river network attributes within discrete subbasins. Our results show that cumulative wetland area is relatively constant in subbasins that contain levees, regardless of maximum stream order within the subbasin. In subbasins that do not contain levees, cumulative wetland area increases with maximum stream order. However, we found that wetland distributions around levees can be complex, and further studies on the influence of levees on wetland habitat may need to consider finer resolution spatial scales. 相似文献
473.
Peatland is an efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) sink on the continent and plays an important role in global carbon cycle. Climate change and human activities, two of the notable global environmental issues, have accelerated the degradation of peatlands during recent years. Global warming will increase the rate of aerobic decomposition in the surface of peatlands. Carbon stored in the subsurface of peatlands will be metabolized if the climatic conditions become favorable for decomposition. This study reviewed the carbon circle of subsurface peatland in natural environment and in environments disturbed by human activity or climate change. Furthermore, the major factors (environmental and human factors) that affect the carbon cycle were also discussed. According to a previous study, subsurface peatland will rapidly participate in the carbon cycle when the peatland is degraded. Water level, vegetation, and temperature were the main natural factors affecting the carbon cycle, whereas drainage, farming, and grazing were the main anthropogenic factors. Further studies should focus on different soil layer carbon dynamics, inorganic carbon content, and conservation and restoration of peatlands. The study methods should be a combination of macro with micro scale and focus on developing deep peat research techniques. Most of the previous studies focused on greenhouse gas emission and their response factors in short-term experiments. Thus, the mechanism and process of subsurface carbon are not clear and needs further study. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
474.
分别采用传统的Fe2+活化过硫酸钠(Na2S2O8)氧化和铁碳强化Na2S2O8氧化两种方法修复模拟机油污染土壤。实验结果表明:对于传统Fe2+-Na2S2O8体系,在Na2S2O8投加量为3.0%(w)、FeSO4·7H2O投加量为0.6%(w)的优化条件下,土壤中总石油烃(TPH)的去除率仅为33.12%;而对于Fe0-C-Na2S2O8体系,在Na2S2O8投加量为1.0%(w)、还原铁粉和活性炭的投加量均为0.1%(w)的优化条件下,土壤中TPH的去除率为42.99%;Fe0-C-Na2S2O8体系较Fe2+-Na2S2O8体系对土壤具有更好的修复效果,且Na2S2O8的投加量减少了2/3。此外,Fe0-C-Na2S2O8体系较Fe2+-Na2S2O8体系对土壤pH的影响小,在实际应用中可适当提高铁粉的投加量来减小Na2S2O8对土壤pH的影响。 相似文献
475.
Dong Hui Yu Haiming Xu Rongxiao Cheng Weimin Ye Yuxi Xie Sen Zhao Junwei Cheng Yu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(1):18-35
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal mine pollution is a serious threat to the mine safe production and occupational health of miners. Chemical dust suppression can effectively... 相似文献
476.
Li Xiaomin Zhao Xiaolei Xue Dong Tian Qianqian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11443-11457
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The development of electric vehicles (EVs) is not only a necessary path for China to move from a big country to a powerful country in automobile... 相似文献
477.
随着乡村聚落的发展,陕北多沙粗沙区乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的严重性已经凸显。以碾庄沟流域为例,研究了乡村聚落土壤侵蚀方式,并对侵蚀总量进行了估算。结果显示:从乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的主要方式来看,以新建窑洞的弃土侵蚀最大,窑洞坍塌侵蚀次之,聚落水蚀侵蚀量最小,其中塌窑侵蚀和建窑侵蚀两项合计占到乡村聚落土壤侵蚀总量的94.6%;从乡村聚落的侵蚀总量来看,面积占1.08%的乡村聚落产生的侵蚀量却占到全流域侵蚀总量的6.83%,人居侵蚀模数达6.3万t/(km2.a)或8.18 t/(人.a)。因此,对乡村聚落土壤侵蚀应加以重视,而土壤侵蚀的防治工作应该以新建窑洞的管理和废弃窑洞坍塌的治理为重点。 相似文献
478.
为保证水价改革公平,将水价影响控制在可承受范围内,需要有工具能评估水价改革的影响。以北京市为例,建立了CGE模型用以评价各部门水价水平高低。通过改进CGE模型的收入方程,以评价水价改革对价格水平、生产、用水量和水费收入的影响。评价结果表明:从1996到2005年,各部门水价水平大幅增加,但极不平均;水价改革对价格水平的影响极低;对某些部门的生产有程度很低的不利影响。但可提高净产值。促进个别部门发展。 相似文献
479.
Xia Manhong Dong Shaogang Chen Yue Liu Hui 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(10):4075-4087
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Due to the drought climate and a large amount of groundwater drainage, there are widespread environmental geological problems in prairie open-pit coal mining... 相似文献
480.
Fanling Meng Yunxue Xia Jianshuai Zhang Dong Qiu Yaozhu Chu Yuanyuan Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):116