经济发达地区土地可持续利用主要矛盾及其成因分析

本文从阐述土地利用的主要矛盾特征入手，分析了经济发达地区土地利用矛盾的自然成因及战略偏差、结构偏差及利益偏差等深层实质，提出了解决我国尤其是经济发达地区日益尖锐的土地利用矛盾以及实现土地资源可持续利用的根本途径。     

爆炸气体(蒸气)最大试验安全间隙的试验方法研究

对可燃气体(或蒸气)最大试验安全间隙值的测定方法进行了研究,设计了一套测定可燃气体(或蒸气)与空气混合物混合爆炸的最大试验安全间隙值的装置,用其所测数据与IEC标准中的推荐数据具有较好的可比性,为爆炸性气体(或蒸气)的分级、分组以及隔爆型电气设备的设计提供了理论依据。     

待开发区域的主导产业选择思路研究——以营口经济技术开发区为例

从区域经济发展的角度出发,系统研究待开发区域主导产业选择的基本思路.依据主导产业选择原则(发展基础原则、战略分工原则、区域适宜性原则),通过比较研究确定区域发展的产业方向,构建区域主导产业选择的指标体系,采用AHP分析方法对指标进行衡量,最终得出主导产业推荐方案.同时,对营口经济技术开发区进行实证研究,运用上述方法选择适合该区域发展的产业为:港口物流业、冶金钢材业、输变电设备制造业、重型装备制造业、电子信息业和休闲旅游业.本研究为我国待开发区域的主导产业选择提供了一种新思路,其实证分析结果也为营口经济技术开发区的主导产业选择提供了科学依据.     

Analysis of pesticide residues in Peninsular Malaysian waterways

The use of organochlorine pesticides has caused concern due to their effects on human health and the Malaysian aquatic ecosystem, particularly so in view of their persistent and bioaccumulative properties. Since the extent of organochlorine pesticide pollution in Malaysian waterways is unknown except for isolated instances, a systematic survey has now been carried out. Water samples from various rivers were extracted, cleaned up with Florisil and analysed for the individual organochlorine pesticides by gas chromatography (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD). DDE, DDT and heptachlor were present in all the river water samples of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Other organochlorine pesticides were also identified from the water samples. However, the levels of all these are still below criteria values for Malaysian aquatic life, indicating that organochlorine pesticide pollution is less of a problem than other organic or inorganic pollutants.     

人类活动对松嫩平原生态环境的影响

探讨人类活动对松嫩平原的影响 ,有助于了解生态环境退化的过程与机制 ,对于退化生态环境的改善意义重大。本文在分析松嫩平原生态环境的脆弱性、人类活动史、人类的活动方式及人类活动对生态环境影响的基础上 ,指出人类活动干扰并破坏了生态环境的缓冲因子 ,使退化因子的作用因失去缓冲因子的制衡而加强 ,引起土地沙化和盐渍化。文章还论述了生态环境的脆弱性、外部干扰和生态环境退化之间的关系以及松嫩平原生态环境的演化机制 ,从而引导人类遵从自然规律     

金属废水溶液的中和沉淀净化理论分析

含有害金属废水溶液的中和沉淀净化过程受诸多因素的影响,其中,最重要的有溶液中金属的价态和形态,溶液的离子强度,沉淀物的组成,结构和表面效应等,本文对上述问题作了较全面的理论分析。     

灾害观测

本文应用系统科学和信息科学讨论了灾害系统的能达性、能控性与能观性。根根系统能观性原理及量测科学的基本原则,讨论了灾害观测系统应注意的一些问题。     

Effects of relative humidity and PM2.5 chemical compositions on visibility impairment in Chengdu, China

To better understand the potential causes of visibility impairment in autumn and winter in Chengdu, relative humidity(RH), visibility, the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and its chemical components were on-line measured continuously in Chengdu from Nov. 2016 to Jan. 2017.Six obvious haze episodes occurred in Chengdu, with the total time of haze episodes accounted for more than 90% of the total observation period, and higher NO_2 concentrations and RH were related to the high particle concentrations in haze episodes. The visibility decreased in a non-linear tendency under different RH conditions with the increase of PM_(2.5) concentrations, which was more sensitive to RH under lower PM_(2.5) concentrations. The threshold concentration of PM_(2.5) got more smaller with the increase of RH. During the entire observation period, organic matter(OM) was the largest contributor(31.12% to extinction coefficient(bext)), followed by NH_4NO_3 and(NH_4)_2SO_4 with 28.03% and 23.01%, respectively.However, with the visibility impairment from Type I(visibility 10 km) to Type IV(visibility ≤ 2 km), the contribution of OM to bextdecreased from 38.12% to 26.77%, while the contribution of NH_4NO_3 and(NH_4)_2SO_4 to bextincreased from 19.09% and 20.20% to 34.29% and 24.35%, respectively, and NH_4NO_3 became the largest contributor to bextat Type IV. The results showed that OM and NH_4NO_3 were the key components of PM_(2.5) for visibility impairment in Chengdu, indicating that the control of precursors emissions of carbonaceous species and NH_4NO_3 could effectively improve the visibility in Chengdu.     

改性污泥基生物炭的性质与重金属吸附效果

为提高污泥基生物炭在高钙溶液体系中对重金属阳离子的吸附能力,将Fe₂O₃、MnO₂、ZnO与市政污泥以质量比1 ∶10（以过渡金属元素质量计）混合共热解,制备改性生物炭;表征改性生物炭的组成、官能团分布和表面性质,考察其对典型重金属阳离子Cd²⁺的吸附效果.过渡金属氧化物可促进污泥的热解,改性生物炭的H/C原子比均低于0.31,碳链裂解脱氢更彻底.改性生物炭中Fe、Mn保留较好,分别主要以单质和氧化物形态存在;而Zn流失较多.改性生物炭中的孔隙以介孔为主,平均孔径约3.8 nm,比表面积在50 m²·g^-1以上.初始浓度约200 mg·L^-1的Cd²⁺溶液中,Ca²⁺初始浓度从0 mg·L^-1升高到约200 mg·L^-1,Fe改性生物炭对Cd²⁺的吸附容量从43.17 mg·g^-1降至27.88 mg·g^-1,但仍较未改性生物炭高10 mg·g^-1以上,在含钙溶液体系中表现出了对Cd²⁺更强的吸附性能.Fe₂O₃较MnO₂和ZnO对市政污泥基生物炭吸附重金属的强化效果更好.