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71.
Carmen B. de los Santos Fernando G. Brun Juan J. Vergara José Lucas Pérez-Lloréns 《Marine Biology》2013,160(5):1083-1093
Seagrasses may acclimate to environmental heterogeneity through phenotypic plasticity. In contrast to leaf morphology, which has been a central point in seagrass acclimation studies, plasticity in leaf biomechanics and fibre content is poorly understood, despite being crucial in plant ecological performance, especially regarding physical forces. We hypothesised that mechanical traits (e.g. breaking force, strength, toughness, and stiffness) and fibre content of seagrass leaves vary as morphology does under differential environments. Cymodocea nodosa was seasonally monitored at three locations around Cádiz Bay (southern Spain) with hydrodynamic regime as the most noticeable difference between them. Leaves showed plasticity in both morphology and mechanical traits, with wave-exposed individuals presenting short but extensible and tough leaves. Leaf fibre content was invariant along the year and with little spatial variability. Cross-sectional area rather than material properties or fibre content differentiates leaf mechanical resistance. Seagrass capacity to thrive under a range of mechanical forces may be dictated by their plasticity in morpho-biomechanical traits, a key element for the hydrodynamical performance and, hence, for species colonisation and distribution. 相似文献
72.
近年来,由于“动物友好”协议的广泛应用,鱼类胚胎实验(Fish Embryo Test, FET)成为了生态毒理学研究的主要方法。OECD 236 FET方法在REACH法规所辖范围内广泛应用,主要针对简单混合物暴露情况(simple mixture exposures),但其还在世界范围内被盲目地用于排放废水综合测试(Whole Effluent Test, WET),这是一种复杂混合物暴露情况。然而,评价FET方法用于WET的有效性的可靠数据几乎没有。本文将OECD 236 FET方法与其他国际通用的标准的和略作改进的生态毒理学研究方案进行了比较,得出了可用于WET的测试方法的总体评价结果。我们使用了未经处理的医院排水,通常认为该排水具有高毒性,且会进入市政污水处理系统。我们选择的毒性测试方法包括OECD 203 (juvenile), USEPA 2000.0 (larva) and OECD 236 (embryo)。值得一提的是,我们还额外测试了3个亚致死指标(不移动性、不孵化率、心包囊肿),这些指标可以提高OECD 236方法的敏感性。我们在所选的8种方法中考察了急性毒性数据,方法的敏感性均有提高且胚胎实验≤仔鱼实验<幼鱼实验(Embryo≤Juvenile
详情请见 https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4215 相似文献
73.
Gómara B González MJ Baos R Hiraldo F Abad E Rivera J Jiménez B 《Environment international》2008,34(1):73-78
This study provides information on the current status of contamination by organochlorines (DDTs, PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs) in the declining red kite (Milvus milvus L.) population breeding in the Do?ana National Park (DNP), south-western Spain. Analyses were performed in addled eggs collected between 1999 and 2001. DDE concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 33.5 microg/g ww, representing more than 86% of the total DDTs. Of the samples studied, 50% showed DDE levels above those associated with reproductive impairment in other raptor species. Concentrations of ortho PCBs (average 36.8 microg/g ww+/-37.7) in 50% of the eggs were much higher than levels reported to cause reduced hatching success, embryo mortality, and deformities in birds (>20 microg/g ww). It is remarkable that average ortho PCB and DDE concentrations showed an increase of one order of magnitude compared to previous data for the species during the 80s. Total PCDD/Fs showed levels in the low pg/g range (7.2-42 pg/g ww), having PCDDs and PCDFs similar contributions in most samples. Total mean TEQs were 238 pg/g (ww), being the range 7.02-667 pg/g (ww). Spatial variation within DNP was observed for PCBs, DDTs, as well as for TEQs. Since some eggs exceeded the NOEL (67%) and LOEL (33%) reported for other raptor species, we would expect the red kite to experience detrimental effects to dioxin-like toxicity. Our results suggest that organochlorine contaminants should be regarded as an element of concern in the population under study, in addition to other conservation problems already reported. Further investigations should be undertaken to identify potential sources of these chemicals in DNP, and to find out if organochlorine contamination is present in other predator species in the area, as well as their potential health effects on individuals and/or populations. 相似文献
74.
Age effect on the antioxidant activity of Daphnia magna (Anomopoda: Daphniidae): does younger mean more sensitivity? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alberto AC Rocío OB Fernando MJ 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(4):481-487
It has been accepted that for most species newborns and senescent organisms are more sensitive than other ages to environmental stressors. Nevertheless, it must be considered that there are several biochemical and physiological compensatory processes which are not expressed with the same magnitude during the whole life cycle. With this aim, Daphnia magna individuals of different age were exposed to hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI), at two different sublethal concentrations (0.032 and 0.0064 mg l(-1)), and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were evaluated during most of the life cycle of this cladoceran. The antioxidant enzymatic activity showed an inverse relationship with respect to age. The activity of CAT, GR and GPx were increased in the two treated groups, at all life stages tested. On the other hand, the activity of SOD decreased in the same groups. Both, increase and decrease in the antioxidant enzymatic activities, showed significant differences with respect to the control group, being higher for the 0.032 mg l(-1) group. The Cr (VI) LC50 was also estimated for these age groups, finding statistical differences among them. Even though adults exhibited higher responses, these enzymatic activity changes should not be interpreted as higher sensitivity, since the daphnids acute chromium toxicity followed a different pattern, with increasing LC50 values according to age. 相似文献
75.
Rosa María Arnaldo Valdés Fernando Gómez Comendador Luis Mijares Gordún Francisco J. Sáez Nieto 《Safety Science》2011,49(5):633-650
The risks of landing overrun (LDOR – LanDing OverRun), Take-off Overrun (TOOR – Take-Off OverRun) and landing undershoot (LDUS – LanDing UnderShoot) are dependent on multiple factors related to operating conditions. These include wind, runway surface conditions, landing or take-off distances required, the presence of obstacles, runway distance available, the existence and dimensions of runway safety areas.In this paper we propose risk models for runway overrun and landing undershoot, using a probabilistic approach. These models are supported by historical data on accidents in the area around the runway and will enable us to determine if the risk level is acceptable or whether action must be taken to mitigate such risks at a given airport. Furthermore, these models permit comparison of the results of different risk mitigation actions in terms of operational risk and safety.The principal advantage of this method is the high quality results obtained for a limited investment in terms of time, computing power and data. As such the method is extremely practical and easy to apply in aerodrome planning, development and operation. 相似文献
76.
Nakazawa E Ikemoto T Hokura A Terada Y Kunito T Yamamoto T Yamada TK Rosas FC Fillmann G Tanabe S Nakai I 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(6):1678-1686
The chemical form of Ag in the livers of five species of marine mammals was examined using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopies. The XAFS analysis suggested that Ag(2)Se was present in the livers of the Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei), Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), and Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii), whereas Ag(2)S was present in the livers of the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) and pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata). XRF spectroscopy results revealed that the distribution patterns of Ag and Se in a thin section of the liver of the Franciscana dolphin were the same; this also implied that Ag was associated with Se in the liver. Thus, the interaction of Ag with Se or S may offer significant protection against the toxicity of Ag in marine mammals. The formation of either Ag(2)Se or Ag(2)S might depend on the Hg levels in the liver. Ag(2)Se was observed in liver samples with relatively high Ag/Hg ratio, whereas liver samples with low Ag/Hg ratio contained Ag(2)S. 相似文献
77.
Fumian Tulio Machado Ferreira Fernando César de Andrade Juliana da Silva Ribeiro Canal Natália Silva Gomes Gabriela Teixeira Lilian Borges Miagostovich Marize Pereira 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(4):553-559
Food and Environmental Virology - Norovirus is a major cause of foodborne-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks worldwide. Usually, food products are contaminated either during... 相似文献
78.
Silva Marcio Roberto Ferreira Fernando César Maranhão Adriana Gonçalves Lanzarini Natália Maria de Carvalho Castro Karina Neboo Miagostovich Marize Pereira 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(4):528-534
Food and Environmental Virology - Enteric viruses have been described as important contaminants in fresh and ready-to-eat foods such as sandwiches, deli meat and dairy products. This is a... 相似文献
79.
Schirmer Waldir Nagel Stroparo Erivelton César Gueri Matheus Vitor Diniz Capanema Marlon André Mazur Douglas Luiz Jucá José Fernando Thomé Martins Kelly Geronazzo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(5):2041-2053
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Biofilters have been recognized as a key technology in the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted by landfills. This study aimed to evaluate... 相似文献
80.
Schmitt Odair J. Andriolo Jerônimo L. Silva Isley C. B. Tiecher Tadeu L. Chassot Tatiane Tarouco Camila Peligrinotti Lourenzi Cledimar Rogério Nicoloso Fernando Teixeira Marchezan Carina Casagrande Cleiton Renato Drescher Gerson Laerson Kreutz Márcio André Brunetto Gustavo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(29):44186-44198
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Copper (Cu) can be toxic to vegetables when it is absorbed and accumulated at large concentrations, a fact that increases the risk of excessive... 相似文献