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141.
Marcia Marques Monica Ferreira da Costa Maria Irles de O. Mayorga Patricia R.C.Pinheiro 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2004,33(1):58-66
发展中国家中正面临经济发展挑战的那些人口密集的流域盆地和海岸带地区可能会在各种问题上受到中度或严重的环境影响.这些由巴西东北部至南部流向大西洋海岸的汇水盆地包括广阔的气候带和多种生态系统.盆地边界以内分布着大西洋雨林、大范围的半干旱热带旱生林(caatinga)、广阔的树木及灌木林地(cerrado)、巴西6670km 海岸线的一大部分及其海洋生态系统.在过去的几十年中,这些自然资源上的人类活动不断发展.海滨化已给沿海生境及生物群落造成了沉重的负担.caatinga和cerrado中的大部分原生植被遭到了破坏,仅存留了7%的大西洋原始雨林.河口、海湾和沿海泻湖也遭到了无法恢复的破坏.土地使用、筑坝和分水等活动已成为造成生境丧失和水生生态系统改变的主要原因.尽管巴西东北部地区的干旱和东南部及南部地区的富庶和工业化之间形成明显反差,但给上述两种地区的生境和生物群落造成的影响是同样严重的.阻止环境恶化的努力没有见到效果.为此建议,应该实行将重点集中在水生生态系统完整性的一些更加综合性的环境政策,而不是把重点单独地集中在自然资源上. 相似文献
142.
Abbas MZ Bruns RE Scarminio IS Ferreira J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1993,79(3):225-233
With the aim of estimating the chemical composition of bulk precipitation (wet + dry) in Cubat?o, rainwater samples were collected at several localities in the Cubat?o region from May 1984 to October 1985. The levels of some inorganic ions (Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO4(2-), NH4+, PO4(3-)) were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, turbidimetry and titration analysis. Correlation and Fisher discrimination indices, principal component and varimax loading and scores were determined in the multivariate statistical data treatment. The results showed that ionic concentrations in rainwater from Vila Parisi are significantly higher than those of Cubat?o Centro, Santos and Serra do Mar. The ionic compositions of the Vila Parisi rainwater seem to be mainly determined by local anthropogenic activities (industrial pollution). Besides the influence of this factor on water quality, there is also a natural oceanic contribution involving Cl- and Na+ at the other locations. 相似文献
143.
Site-Specific Characterization of Castromil Brownfield Area Related to Gold Mining Activities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ferreira da Silva E Serrano Pinto L Patinha C Cardoso Fonseca E 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2004,26(1):13-25
Castromil is one of the gold mining areas in Portugal that has been abandoned since 1940. This area, which was first mined in Roman times, is located within a Hercynian granite body near the contact with Silurian metasediments. Gold is essentially disseminated along veins in the silicified granite, running NW-SE, related with a shear zone and frequently associated with sulphides (arsenopyrite and basically pyrite). In paragenetic terms, three stages of mineralization are considered: ferro-arseniferous (quartz + arsenopyrite I + pyrite I + pyrrhotite + bismuth), zinciferous (sphalerite + chalcopyrite), and remobilization (arsenopyrite II + galena + gold). Due to the lack of laws and environmental education, Castromil is today a gold mining heritage site where we can detect the consequences of an incautious exploration (tailings, wells and adits located in the old explored zone) and where a residential area is located. In order to characterize the actual state of the old mining area the trace metal contamination of soils and waters by mining activities was investigated. In the studied area 106 soil samples, 15 waters and 20 plants were sampled and analysed. The soil samples were analysed for 32 elements by ICP-AES. Waters were analysed by ionic chromatography and ICP-MS for major and trace elements. Plants were analysed for As, Fe and Pb by AAS. The results are discussed taking into account the risk-based standards for soils and groundwater's (target and intervention values) proposed by Swartjes (1999). The results show elevated concentration of As and Pb which were found in soils collected from agricultural areas. Foodstuff plants species collected in the Castromil agricultural area show high concentrations of As in the leaves (cabbage and lettuce) and in the tubers (potatoes). Groundwaters in the mining area contain high concentrations of As that exceeds the intervention values. The area must to be subject to a remediation process, considering the actual risks to humans and ecosystems and the risks due to contaminant migration. 相似文献
144.
Samira Veiga Ravaiano Wagner Faria Barbosa Lúcio Antônio Campos Gustavo Ferreira Martins 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2018,105(7-8):48
The insect immune system faces various challenges; particularly in social bees, caste system and age polyethism expose individuals to numerous environmental and working conditions. However, little is known about how cellular defenses in social bees may be organized to respond to a variety of immune challenges. Here, we describe the morphological features and the total and differential counts of hemocytes in different female classes (newly emerged workers, nurses, foragers, and virgin queens) of the eusocial stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata. Granulocytes and prohemocytes were, respectively, the most and the least abundant cells among all classes of females. Furthermore, there were more prohemocytes in virgin queens than in foragers. The total number of hemocytes was smaller in foragers, whereas the largest number was observed in nurse workers. This reduced amount of hemocytes in foragers might allow energy savings to perform colony activities such as foraging and defense. Foragers also had the biggest hemocytes (either prohemocytes, granulocytes, or plasmatocytes) in comparison to the other classes of females, which might have arisen as a compensation for the reduction in number of these cells during aging. These results suggest that profiles of hemocytes of M. quadrifasciata vary according to the caste and age of this eusocial bee. 相似文献
145.
Sílvia?C.?Gon?alvesEmail author Miguel?A.?Pardal Patrícia?G.?Cardoso Susana?M.?Ferreira Jo?o?C.?Marques 《Marine Biology》2005,147(3):631-641
The biology, population dynamics, and production of Tylos europaeus were studied in two sandy beaches of the western coast of Portugal. At both sites, reproduction occurred seasonally, from April to July, with only one new cohort produced per year. Regarding population dynamics, cohort-splitting events were detected in males at the beginning of the reproduction period (April/May), resulting in two groups with distinct growth rates (fast-growing vs slow-growing males). Different biological characteristics were consequently detected in these two groups, namely regarding body size, lifespan, and contribution to the reproductive effort. Lifespan was estimated as approximately 3 years, for females and fast-growing males, and 4 years for slow-growing males. Cohort-splitting among males appeared as a possible strategy to cope with the highly male-biased sex ratios observed, which could lead to a strong male-male competition for mating. T. europaeus appeared as an annual species, with a univoltine life-cycle (one generation per year), and iteroparous females reproducing twice during their lifespan. Average growth production (P) was estimated at 0.082 g.m–2.yr–1 AFDW (ash-free dry weight) and the average annual biomass () (standing stock) at 0.052 g.m–2, resulting in a P/ ratio of 1.58. These results produced baseline information for the construction of a population-dynamics model and highlighted the potential of this species as an environmental quality-assessment bioindicator on sandy shores.Communicated by S.A. Poulet, Roscoff 相似文献
146.
Ana Teresa Luís Nuno Dures Salomé Fernandes Pinheiro de Almeida Eduardo Ferreira da Silva 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(4):215-226
Aljustrel mines were classified as having high environmental hazard due to their large tailings volume and high metal concentrations in waters and sediments.To assess acid mine drainage impacted systems whose environmental conditions change quickly,the use of biological indicators with short generation time such as diatoms is advantageous.This study combined geochemical and diatom data,whose results were highlighted in 3 groups:Group 1,with low p H(1.9–5.1)and high metal/metalloid(Al,As,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Zn;0.65–1032 mg/L)and SO_4(405–39124 mg/L)concentrations.An acidophilic species,Pinnularia aljustrelica,was perfectly adapted to the adverse conditions;in contrast,teratological forms of Eunotia exigua were found,showing that metal toxicity affected this species.The low availability of metals/metalloids in sediments of this group indicates that metals/metalloids of the exchangeable fractions had been solubilized,which in fact enables metal/metalloid diatom uptake and consequently the occurrence of teratologies;Group 2,with sites of near neutral p H(5.0–6.8)and intermediate metal/metalloid(0.002–6 mg/L)and SO_4(302–2179 mg/L)concentrations;this enabled the existence of typical species of uncontaminated streams(Brachysira neglectissima,Achnanthidium minutissimum);Group 3,with samples from unimpacted sites,showing low metal/metalloid(0–0.8 mg/L)and SO_4(10–315 mg/L)concentrations,high pH(7.0–8.4)and Cl contents(10–2119 mg/L)and the presence of brackish to marine species(Entomoneis paludosa).For similar conditions of acidity,differences in diversity,abundance and teratologies of diatoms can be explained by the levels of metals/metalloids. 相似文献
147.
Evaluation of Satellite‐Derived Rainfall Data for Multiple Physio‐Climatic Regions in the Santiago River Basin,Mexico 下载免费PDF全文
J.R. Ávila‐Carrasco H.E. Júnez‐Ferreira P.H. Gowda J.L. Steiner D.N. Moriasi P.J. Starks J. Gonzalez A.A. Villalobos C. Bautista‐Capetillo 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2018,54(5):1068-1086
Assessment of water resources requires reliable rainfall data, and rain gauge networks may not provide adequate spatial representation due to limited point measurements. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) provides rainfall data at global scale, and has been used with good results. However, TRMM data are an indirect measurement of rainfall, and therefore must be validated for its proper use. In this work, a validation scheme was designed and implemented to compare the TRMM Version 7 (V7) monthly rainfall product at different time frames with data measured in two hydrologic subregions of the Santiago River Basin (SRB) in Mexico: Río Alto Santiago and Río Bajo Santiago (RBS). Additionally, three physio‐climatic regions provide an assessment of the interplay of topography, distance from coastal regions, and seasonal weather patterns on the correspondence between both datasets. The TRMM V7 rainfall product exhibited good agreement with the rain gauge data particularly for the RBS and for the whole SRB during wettest summer and autumn seasons. However, strong regional dependence was observed due to differences in climate and topography. Overall, in spite of some noted underestimations, the monthly TRMM V7 rainfall product was found to provide useful information that can be used to complement limited monitoring as is the case of RBS. An improved combined rainfall product could be generated and thus gaining the most benefits from both data sources. 相似文献
148.
dos Santos Clécia Andrade de Souza Cruz Daiane Requião da Silva Wenes Ramos de Jesus Gleyce Kelly Santos Alessandra Ferreira da Cunha Graziele Costa Wisniewski Alberto Romão Luciane Pimenta Cruz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23929-23945
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A simple, efficient, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive synthesis route was developed to obtain a magnetic nano-hybrid (GH) based on graphene... 相似文献
149.