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601.
The solid waste accumulation patterns on Tamandaré beach, Pernambuco State (Brazil), was assessed from February 2001 to July 2002. This beach is easily accessible, frequently used, and there is a public cleaning service. The beach is under the influence of three small coastal drainage basins. The study visually divided the beach into 15 segments according to the level of solid waste contamination into absent (A), trace (B), unacceptable (C) and objectionable (D). The lowest levels of contamination were found at the middle part of the study area, the most vulnerable in respect to coastal erosion presenting numerous interventions on the beach, absence of native vegetation and lesser width. The highest levels of contamination were at the northern and southern ends of the area, where there are no developments, the beach morphology favours deposition of sediments, there is native vegetation and the beach is wider. The D level did not occur within the area. 相似文献
602.
Kinetics of glucose and amino acid uptake by attached and free-living marine bacteria in oligotrophic waters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kinetics of glucose and amino acid uptake by attached and free-living bacteria were compared in the upper 70 m of the oligotrophic
north-western Mediterranean Sea. Potential uptake rates of amino acids were higher than those of glucose in all the samples
analysed. Cell-specific potential uptake rates of attached bacteria were up to two orders of magnitude higher than those of
total bacteria, both for amino acids and glucose (0.72–153 amol amino acids cell−1 h−1 and 0.05–58.42 amol glucose cell−1 h−1 for attached bacteria and 0.34–1.37 amol amino acids cell−1 h−1 and 0.07–0.22 amol glucose cell−1 h−1 for total bacteria). The apparent K
m values were also higher in attached bacteria than in total bacteria, both for amino acids and glucose. These results would
reflect the presence of different uptake systems in attached and free-living bacteria, which is in accordance with the different
nutrient characteristics of their microenvironments, ambient water and particles. Attached bacteria show transport systems
with low affinity, which characterise a bacterial community adapted to high concentration of substrates.
Received: 13 June 2000 / Accepted: 6 December 2000 相似文献
603.
Araújo Leylia K. F. Albuquerque Allan A. Ramos Weslley C. O. Santos Alef T. Carvalho Sandra H. V. Soletti João I. Bispo Mozart D. 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(8):11732-11750
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The activated biochar is a carbonaceous material obtained from thermal degradation of biomass with high adsorption potential. On the other hand, the... 相似文献
604.
Marta Marcos-García Paula García-Fraile Alena Filipová Esther Menéndez Pedro F. Mateos Encarna Velázquez Tomáš Cajthaml Raúl Rivas 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(21):17436-17445
Polyhydroxyalkanoic acids (PHAs) are natural polyesters that can be used to produce bioplastics which are biodegradable. Numerous microorganisms accumulate PHAs as energy reserves. Combinations of different PHAs monomers lead to the production of bioplastics with very different properties. In the present work, we show the capability of strains belonging to various phylogenetic lineages within the genus Mesorhizobium, isolated from Lotus corniculatus nodules, to produce different PHA monomers. Among our strains, we found the production of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3-hydroxydodecanoate, and 3-hydroxyhexadecanoate. Most of the PHA-positive strains were phylogenetically related to the species M. jarvisii. However, our findings suggest that the ability to produce different monomers forming PHAs is strain-dependent. 相似文献
605.
Núria Marbà Dorte Krause-Jensen Birgit Olesen Peter B. Christensen Anissa Merzouk Joao Rodrigues Susse Wegeberg Robert T. Wilce 《Ambio》2017,46(1):119-131
Ascophyllum nodosum is a foundation macroalgae of the intertidal zone that distributes across latitude 41.3–69.7°N. We tested the hypothesis that growth of A. nodosum near the northern distribution edge increases with warming. We retrospectively quantified the growth of eight A. nodosum populations at West Greenland and North Norway (from 64°N to 69°N). For seven populations, we measured growth rates since 1997–2002 and for one of them we extended the time series back to 1956 using published estimates. Individuals at northern populations elongated between 2.0 and 9.1 cm year?1 and this variability correlated with temperature and annual ice-free days. A spatial comparison of A. nodosum growth across the species distribution range showed that Northern (and coldest) populations grew at the slowest rates. Our results demonstrate that arctic climate change enhances the growth of A. nodosum populations and suggest that their productivity may increase in response to projected global warming. 相似文献
606.
Júlia Szenczi-Cseh 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(9):658-670
The sources of quantitative and qualitative uncertainties of the exposure of a consumer to a pesticide residue are identified. The contribution of quantifiable uncertainties of input parameters of deterministic model to the combined uncertainty of the estimated exposure is shown with detailed calculation using the pesticide residue content of food consumed during two days. The daily intakes of bifenthrin residues calculated for the 60 kg bodyweight of the reporting person are 0.00257 mg/kgbw and 0.00281 mg/kgbw for day 1 and day 2, respectively with 27-28% combined uncertainty. The major contributors were fruits and whole meal bread. The contribution of the individual steps to the combined uncertainty depends on the particular food item. In general, the variability of recipes, estimation of the mass of consumed food, sampling, processing of raw commodities and analysis of pesticide residues influenced most, in decreasing order, the combined uncertainty of the estimated daily exposure. 相似文献
607.
608.
609.
Raúl Zornoza Ángel Faz Dora M. Carmona Jose A. Acosta Silvia Martínez-Martínez Arno de Vreng 《Chemosphere》2013,90(10):2606-2613
A field experiment was set up in Cartagena-La Unión Mining District, SE Spain, aimed at evaluating the short-term effects of pig slurry (PS) amendment alone and together with marble waste (MW) on organic matter mineralization, microbial activity and stabilization of heavy metals in two tailing ponds. These structures pose environmental risk owing to high metals contents, low organic matter and nutrients, and null vegetation. Carbon mineralization, exchangeable metals and microbiological properties were monitored during 67 d. The application of amendments led to a rapid decrease of exchangeable metals concentrations, except for Cu, with decreases up to 98%, 75% and 97% for Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively. The combined addition of MW + PS was the treatment with greater reduction in metals concentrations. The addition of PS caused a significant increase in respiration rates, although in MW + PS plots respiration was lower than in PS plots. The mineralized C from the pig slurry was low, approximately 25–30% and 4–12% for PS and MW + PS treatments, respectively. Soluble carbon (Csol), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase activities increased after the application of the organic amendment. However, after 3 d these parameters started a decreasing trend reaching similar values than control from approximately day 25 for Csol and MBC. The PS treatment promoted highest values in enzyme activities, which remained high upon time. Arylesterase activity increased in the MW + PS treatment. Thus, the remediation techniques used improved soil microbiological status and reduced metal availability. The combined application of PS + MW reduced the degradability of the organic compounds. 相似文献
610.
Raúl Aguilar-Elena Alberto Campo-Barrio Rodrigo Morchón Víctor Martínez-Merino 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(4):541-549
Objectives. The aim of this work was to develop, validate and test a new questionnaire to assess the biological risk in workers with intentional or unintentional exposure to biological agents. Methods. A questionnaire including 34 questions was developed to study the perception of workers against occupational biohazard. Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were calculated for the analysis of content validity. A pilot study was carried out with 60 workers from 17 companies performing analysis of Cronbach's α to assess the internal consistency or reliability. Results. A total of 518 workers from 51 Spanish companies in which there is exposure to biological agents participated in the study yielding a response rate of 90%. The final questionnaire obtained a Cronbach's α > 0.759 with a stable test–retest result. The questionnaire validation demonstrates that it could be used to evaluate the biological risks and help the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases. Discussion. This study has validated the need to evaluate worker's perception against occupational risks, as well as the application of prevention methods and protective equipment. It is a first step towards developing an occupational biohazards assessment method including all the requirements set by the European Health and Safety Strategy 2013–2020. 相似文献