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491.
492.
Lopes Géssica de Oliveira Aragão Walessa Alana Bragança Nascimento Priscila Cunha Bittencourt Leonardo Oliveira Oliveira Ana Carolina Alves Leão Luana Ketlen Reis Alves-Júnior Sergio Melo Pinheiro João de Jesus Viana Crespo-Lopez Maria Elena Lima Rafael Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10918-10930
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to investigate the effects of lead (Pb) exposure on parotid and submandibular glands through morphological aspects as well as the... 相似文献
493.
Katja Trübenbach Gonçalo da Costa Cristina Ribeiro-Silva Raquel Mesquita Ribeiro Carlos Cordeiro Rui Rosa 《Marine Biology》2014,161(3):575-584
The jumbo squid, Dosidicus gigas, is an oceanic top predator in the eastern tropical Pacific that undergoes diel vertical migrations into mesopelagic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Besides glycogen breakdown, the pathways of the squid’s metabolic (suppression) strategy are poorly understood. Here, juvenile D. gigas were exposed to oxygen levels found in the OMZ off Gulf of California (1 % O2, 1 kPa at 10 °C) with the aim to identify, via proteomic tools, eventual anaerobic protein degradation as potential energy source at such depths. Under hypoxia, total protein concentration decreased nonsignificantly from 79.2 ± 12.4 mg g?1 wet mass to 74.7 ± 11.7 mg g?1 wet mass (p > 0.05). Yet, there was a significant decrease in heat-shock protein (Hsp) 90 and α-actinin contents (p < 0.05). The lower α-actinin concentration at late hypoxia was probably related to decreased protection of the Hsp90 chaperon machinery resulting in increased ubiquitination (p < 0.05) and subsequent degradation. Thus, the present findings indicate that D. gigas might degrade, at least under progressing hypoxia, specific mantle proteins anaerobically to increase/maintain anaerobic ATP production and extend hypoxia exposure time. Moreover, the ubiquitin–proteasome system seems to play an important role in hypoxia tolerance, but further investigations are necessary to discover its full potential and pathways. 相似文献
494.
495.
Alexandre Robert Colin Fontaine Simon Veron Anne‐Christine Monnet Marine Legrand Joanne Clavel Stéphane Chantepie Denis Couvet Frédéric Ducarme Benoît Fontaine Frédéric Jiguet Isabelle le Viol Jonathan Rolland François Sarrazin Céline Teplitsky Maud Mouchet 《Conservation biology》2017,31(4):781-788
The field of biodiversity conservation has recently been criticized as relying on a fixist view of the living world in which existing species constitute at the same time targets of conservation efforts and static states of reference, which is in apparent disagreement with evolutionary dynamics. We reviewed the prominent role of species as conservation units and the common benchmark approach to conservation that aims to use past biodiversity as a reference to conserve current biodiversity. We found that the species approach is justified by the discrepancy between the time scales of macroevolution and human influence and that biodiversity benchmarks are based on reference processes rather than fixed reference states. Overall, we argue that the ethical and theoretical frameworks underlying conservation research are based on macroevolutionary processes, such as extinction dynamics. Current species, phylogenetic, community, and functional conservation approaches constitute short‐term responses to short‐term human effects on these reference processes, and these approaches are consistent with evolutionary principles. 相似文献
496.
Vicente Elício Porfiro Sales Gonçalves da Silva Patrícia Marques Carneiro Buarque Wanessa Nepomuceno Ferreira Hugo Leonardo de Brito Buarque Maria Amanda Menezes Silva 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(5):307
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge application as fertilizer on the plasticity of functional characteristics of species commonly found in the Caatinga. The research was developed in the nursery of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Quixadá campus, located in northeastern Brazil. Three treatments were applied: raw sludge, sanitized sludge, and no manipulation. In each treatment, five species were planted, each with five individuals, totaling 75 individuals, which were tagged, and 4 months after germination, they were destroyed to obtain dry matter content (TMSF) from leaf, stem (TMSC), fine root (TMSRF), and thick root (TMSRG); leaf area; height and diameter of the seedling; and length above and below the ground. The sanitized sludge was responsible for giving higher values for leaf area, height of the seedlings, and diameter and length of stem and root. However, the dry matter content of the fine roots was higher in the treatment without manipulation. At the community level, as TMSRG increased, TMSC also increased, the same occurred between TMSRG and TMSRF, TMSC and TMSRF, and stem length and leaf area. In the treatment without manipulation, there was a positive correlation between leaf area, height and plant diameter, and negative correlation between root length and plant diameter. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of sanitized sludge is a good tool to increase the availability of soil resources, conferring to individuals’ greater dry matter content, greater leaf area, and higher height and diameter above the ground. 相似文献
497.
Olivier Pays Simon P. Blomberg Pierre-Cyril Renaud François-René Favreau Peter J. Jarman 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(3):443-454
In group-forming prey species, theory assumes that individuals within groups should scan independently of one another, with
vigilance sequences being relatively unpredictable, making interscan durations highly variable. We attempted to detect any
divergence from randomness in the scanning process in three mammalian prey species phylogenetically and geographically separated
and exposed to different levels of predation: waterbuck, Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa, under a high observed predation risk, eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus, still experiencing occasional predation and European roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, under a very low natural predation risk. Our results revealed that the focal interscan duration increased when the duration
of the preceding interscan increased, whatever the studied species and the predation risk that its individuals experienced,
and decreased with the preceding scan duration in two species under, respectively, occasional and low predation risks. The
exponential distribution was the tested model that fitted the observed distributions of interscan durations least well. We
discuss what can trigger non-randomness in scanning, through a non-homogenous Poisson process, at both intra-individual and
inter-individual levels, particularly with regard to previous studies that have demonstrated synchronisation of vigilance
in such mammals. Our results suggest the need to reconsider any assumption of randomness in scanning in the basic model predicting
form and frequency of scanning behaviour by prey species. 相似文献
498.
Luiz Duczmal Ricardo Tavares Ganapati Patil André L. F. Cançado 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2010,17(2):183-202
We propose a novel tool for testing hypotheses concerning the adequacy of environmentally defined factors for local clustering
of diseases, through the comparative evaluation of the significance of the most likely clusters detected under maps whose
neighborhood structures were modified according to those factors. A multi-objective genetic algorithm scan statistic is employed
for finding spatial clusters in a map divided in a finite number of regions, whose adjacency is defined by a graph structure.
This cluster finder maximizes two objectives, the spatial scan statistic and the regularity of cluster shape. Instead of specifying
locations for the possible clusters a priori, as is currently done for cluster finders based on focused algorithms, we alter
the usual adjacency induced by the common geographical boundary between regions. In our approach, the connectivity between
regions is reinforced or weakened, according to certain environmental features of interest associated with the map. We build
various plausible scenarios, each time modifying the adjacency structure on specific geographic areas in the map, and run
the multi-objective genetic algorithm for selecting the best cluster solutions for each one of the selected scenarios. The
statistical significances of the most likely clusters are estimated through Monte Carlo simulations. The clusters with the
lowest estimated p-values, along with their corresponding maps of enhanced environmental features, are displayed for comparative analysis. Therefore
the probability of cluster detection is increased or decreased, according to changes made in the adjacency graph structure,
related to the selection of environmental features. The eventual identification of the specific environmental conditions which
induce the most significant clusters enables the practitioner to accept or reject different hypotheses concerning the relevance
of geographical factors. Numerical simulation studies and an application for malaria clusters in Brazil are presented. 相似文献
499.
Mesut Ural Selami Arca Gürel Nedim Örnekçi Ferhat Demirol Songül Yüce Kazim Uysal 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):49-55
Metal concentrations were determined in water, sediment, and freshwater fish samples (Squalus cephalus, Barbus esocinus, and Barbus xanthopterus) collected from Karakaya Dam Lake, Turkey, to estimate the risk of human consumption and pollution. Metal concentrations differed between the species (p?0.05) even as they were living in similar habitats. Metal analyses were performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Cd and Hg were not detected in water, sediment, and fish samples. Also, Mn, Ni, and Se were not determined in water. The accumulation order of the metals were found to be Fe?>?Zn?=?Cu in water and Fe?>?Zn?>?Mn?>?Ni?>?Cu in sediment. In general, the accumulation order of elements in the tissues all of the species sampled were found as Fe?>?Zn?>?Se?>?Mn?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Cd in muscle, Zn?>?Fe?>?Mn?>?Se?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Cd in gills, Fe?>?Zn?>?Se?>?Mn?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Cd in liver and gonad, and Zn?>?Fe?>?Cu?>?Mn?>?Se?>?Ni?>?Cd in kidney. It was concluded that the fish from the dam lake are not heavily burdened with metals, but they should be controlled periodically to avoid excessive intake of trace metals by humans, and to monitoring the pollution of aquatic environment. 相似文献
500.
In this study, the effects of fungicide benomyl and the protective effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) used as antioxidants on liver and kidney of rats were investigated. Benomyl (200 mg kg?1), LA (200 mg kg?1), and C4S (25 mg kg?1) were administered intraperitoneally by injection once a week for a period of five weeks. The results of this study are as follows: benomyl given subchronically showed toxic effects in the form of lipid peroxidation (LPO) on liver and kidney, and LA and C4S had antioxidant effects on liver and kidney. When LA and C4S were applied together, they were more effective than individually. Furthermore, it was observed that LA and C4S had partial protective effects against the histopathological effects caused by benomyl. 相似文献