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排序方式: 共有333条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
321.
Francesco Colloca Paolo Carpentieri Elena Balestri Giandomenico Ardizzone 《Marine Biology》2010,157(3):565-574
We investigated the effects of body size, feeding strategy and depth distribution on the trophic resource partitioning among
the 26 dominant fish consumers in a fish assemblage on the central Mediterranean shelf-break. The fish assemblage was structured
in two major trophic guilds: epibenthic and zooplanktonic feeders, according to the position of each predator along the benthos–plankton
gradient. Within each main guild, the species were segregated along a prey-size or fish-size gradient into five further guilds.
Fish size and prey size were strongly correlated, indicating that the prey-size niche can be well explained by predator size.
Fish consumers showed a significant negative correlation between the similarity in prey type and the similarity in depth distribution;
most species with similar trophic preferences segregated along the depth dimension. The only predators overlapping in both
food and depth preferences were those with a more specialist trophic behavior. These results suggest that fish body size and
depth preferences are the two main niche dimensions, explaining a large part of the coexistence between the Mediterranean
shelf-break fish consumers. 相似文献
322.
Maria Valeria Migliori Antonella Pettinari Anna Maria Ciaschini Paola Piermattei Francesco Pigliapoco Giancarlo Discepoli 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(4):290-292
We report the prenatal diagnosis of an extra der(4) resulting from 4:2 malsegregation of a maternal balanced complex translocation involving chromosomes 4, 10, and 11. The woman was referred for amniocentesis because of recurrent miscarriages. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in order to characterize the complex chromosome rearrangement. Following genetic counselling, the couple decided to terminate the pregnancy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
323.
Marilena C. Di Giacomo Carla Cesarano Nenad Bukvic Evangelia Manisali Ginevra Guanti Francesco Susca 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(8):619-622
The detection of very rare variants in prenatal diagnosis often causes counseling difficulties and anxiety in parents. We describe a duplication of the proximal region of chromosome 9 short arm in two cases of prenatal diagnosis and in one young woman, with evidence that such rearrangement is an uncommon variant. The duplication was investigated using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Although the cytogenetic findings were indicative of a ‘duplication 9p syndrome’ associated with mental and developmental retardation, we were able to demonstrate that the rearrangement was a heteromorphism with no phenotypic consequence. We also determined the breakpoint regions of the rearrangement and identified the BAC probes that precisely define the duplicated region devoid of risk of phenotypic effects. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
324.
Zuo Tong How Ina Kristian Francesco Busetti Kathryn L. Linge Cynthia A. Joll 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):2-18
This paper is a critical review of current knowledge of organic chloramines in water systems,including their formation, stability, toxicity, analyticalmethods for detection, and their impact
on drinking water treatment and quality. The term organic chloramines may refer to any
halogenated organic compounds measured as part of combined chlorine (the difference
between themeasured free and total chlorine concentrations), andmay include N-chloramines,
N-chloramino acids, N-chloraldimines and N-chloramides. Organic chloramines can form
when dissolved organic nitrogen or dissolved organic carbon react with either free chlorine
or inorganic chloramines. They are potentially harmful to humans and may exist as an
intermediate for other disinfection by-products. However, little information is available on the
formation or occurrence of organic chloramines in water due to a number of challenges. One of
the biggest challenges for the identification and quantification of organic chloramines in water
systems is the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In addition, many of the organic
chloramines that formduring disinfection are unstable,which results in difficulties in sampling
and detection. To date research has focussed on the study of organic monochloramines.
However, given that breakpoint chlorination is commonly undertaken in water treatment
systems, the formation of organic dichloramines should also be considered. Organic
chloramines can be formed frommany different precursors and pathways. Therefore, studying
the occurrence of their precursors in water systems would enable better prediction and
management of their formation. 相似文献
325.
Andrea Bigano Francesco Bosello Roberto Roson Richard S. J. Tol 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(8):765-791
While climate change impacts on human life have well defined and different origins, the interactions among the diverse impacts
are not yet fully understood. Their final effects, however, especially those involving social-economic responses, are likely
to play an important role. This paper is one of the first attempts to disentangle and highlight the role of these interactions.
It focuses on the economic assessment of two specific climate change impacts: sea-level rise and changes in tourism flows.
By using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model the two impacts categories are first analysed separately and then jointly.
Considered separately, in 2050, the forecasted 25 cm. of sea level rise imply a GDP loss ranging from (−) 0.1% in South East
Asia to almost no loss in Canada, while redistribution of tourism flows – which in terms of arrivals favours Western Europe,
Japan, Korea and Canada and penalises all the other world regions – triggers GDP losses ranging from (−) 0.5% in Small Island
States to (−) 0.0004% in Canada. GDP gainers are Australia, New Zealand, Western Europe, Middle East and South Asia. The impact
of sea level rise and tourism were simulated jointly and the results compared with those of the two disjoint simulations.
From a qualitative point of view, the joint effects are similar to the outcomes of the disjoint exercises; from a quantitative
perspective, however, impact interaction does play a significant role. In six cases out of 16 there is a detectable (higher
than 2% and peaking to 70%) difference between the sum of the outcomes in the disjoint simulation and the outcomes of the
joint simulations. Moreover, the relative contribution of each single impact category has been disentangled from the final
result. In the case under scrutiny, demand shocks induced by changes in tourism flows outweigh the supply-side shock induced
by the loss of coastal land.
相似文献
Francesco BoselloEmail: |
326.
The relevance of the integration of preimaginal and eclosion experiences on the subsequent habitat preferences and mate finding
by the adult has been rarely tested in holometabolous insects. In this work, the effect of larval and early adult experiences
on the behavioural responses of adult males of the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius ervi, towards volatiles from the host–plant complex (HPC) and from conspecific females were evaluated. Two experience factors
were considered: host diet (normal diet=ND; artificial diet=AD), and eclosion, i.e. extraction or non-extraction of the parasitoid
larva from the parasitised aphid (extracted=EX; non-extracted=NE). Thus, four treatments were set up: ND/NE, ND/EX, AD/NE
and AD/EX. Glass Y-tube olfactometers were used to investigate the responses of adult A. ervi males to the odour sources used. Males from the ND/NE treatment showed a shorter latency to the first choice of olfactometer
arms, displayed a marked preference towards the HPC olfactometer arm, and spent more time in the HPC arm than males from the
other treatments. Only the interaction of host diet and eclosion experiences proved to be relevant in explaining the differences
in latency to first choice, time spent in olfactometers arms, and behaviours displayed in the olfactometer arms. These results
show the importance of the integration of larval and eclosion experiences in the development of stereotyped responses of the
adults. This process may involve memory retention from the preimaginal and emergence period, but further research is needed
to disentangle the contribution of each stage. The response to conspecific females was much less affected by the treatments
in relation to first arm choice and times in olfactometer arms, suggesting a pheromone-mediated behaviour, even though a prompter
and more intense wing fanning courtship behaviour was registered in the ND/NE males compared to males from the AD/NE treatment.
These results show that sexual behaviours are less affected by early experiences than behaviours related with finding a HPC
for foraging or oviposition. Taken together, our results demonstrate for first time that larval and eclosion experiences affect
in a differential way the early responses of the adult towards environment-derived cues and mate related cues. 相似文献
327.
The anthropocentric term “extremophile” was introduced more than 30 years ago to describe any organism capable of living and
growing under extreme conditions—i.e., particularly hostile to human and to the majority of the known microorganisms as far
as temperature, pH, and salinity parameters are concerned. With the further development of studies on microbial ecology and
taxonomy, more “extreme” environments were found and more extremophiles were described. Today, many different extremophiles
have been isolated from habitats characterized by hydrostatic pressure, aridity, radiations, elevated temperatures, extreme
pH values, high salt concentrations, and high solvent/metal concentrations, and it is well documented that these microorganisms
are capable of thriving under extreme conditions better than any other organism living on Earth. Extremophiles have also been
investigated as far as the search for life in other planets is concerned and even to evaluate the hypothesis that life on
Earth came originally from space. Extremophiles are interesting for basic and applied sciences. Particularly fascinating are
their structural and physiological features allowing them to stand extremely selective environmental conditions. These properties
are often due to specific biomolecules (DNA, lipids, enzymes, osmolites, etc.) that have been studied for years as novel sources
for biotechnological applications. In some cases (DNA polymerase, thermostable enzymes), the search was successful and the
final application was achieved, but certainly further exploitations are next to come. 相似文献
328.
Rubin Pedrazzo Alberto Trotta Francesco Hoti Gjylije Cesano Federico Zanetti Marco 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):251-263
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cyclodextrin nanosponges (CD-NS) are cross-linked cyclodextrin polymers characterized by a nanostructured three-dimensional network. CD-NSs in the... 相似文献
329.
Environmental regulation is required to reduce industrial pollution to levels that are socially acceptable and economically efficient, but there is debate over the most efficient form of such regulation. Typically, a limited range of environmental and economic parameters are accounted for in the econometric studies that inform that debate. This paper integrates evidence from two separate studies to assess a broad range of parameters related to the efficiency of industrial environmental regulation. Questionnaire responses from 25 Italian manufacturers of building-chemicals and 28 Irish pharmaceutical manufacturers provided evidence on the environmental effectiveness and operational impacts of different regulatory instruments. Combined with extensive emissions data from Irish pharmaceutical manufacturers, survey results enabled a quantitative estimation of pollution avoidance specifically attributable to direct regulation. The monetised social benefit of avoided pollution was found to be equal to direct compliance costs. Chemical manufacturers in Italy and Ireland stated that direct regulation is a more important driver of industrial environmental performance than economic or voluntary regulation, and their responses indicated that direct compliance costs may be countered somewhat by stimulated operational improvements. It was concluded that direct regulation is an effective approach for multi-pollutant control in an industrial context, and that the efficiency of such regulation may be underestimated in studies that do not consider the full range of pollutants and operational effects. 相似文献
330.
Isabella Fabietti Giulia Grassini Sara Savelli Roberta Vicario Anita Romiti Milena Viggiano Chiara Vassallo Laura Valfrè Paola Giliberti Irma Capolupo Marco Bonito Pietro Bagolan Francesco Morini Leonardo Caforio 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(8):1002-1007