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排序方式: 共有330条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
251.
Porewater plays an important role in sediment toxicity assessment using bioassays, but the most reliable extracting method and the potential contribution of confounding factors to the real toxicity need to be studied. The applicability of bioassays with the early life stages of Paracentrotus lividus, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Crassostrea gigas on porewaters extracted by centrifugation from the Venice Lagoon (Italy) is evaluated and demonstrated: toxicity tests can discriminate the toxicity of porewaters from sites with different kinds and levels of pollution and, using toxicity scores, data are classified in five toxicity classes. Sulphides do not represent a confounding factor in porewater toxicity; in contrast ammonia exhibited some concentrations above the toxicity threshold for sea urchin embryos. 相似文献
252.
The effects of agricultural activities on the environment can be presented by suitable pressure indicators. These pressure
indicators can also be used as control variables to achieve a desired environmental state. Therefore, pressure indicators
can play a decisive role in the elaboration of agri-environmental measures. This paper deals with the use of pressure indicators
to assess the sustainability of agricultural land use on the one hand, and their contribution to the development of agri-environmental
measures on the other hand. After the illustration of the general political background on the CAP evolution and the information
needed for monitoring, control and ex-post assessment, the methodological approach of the AEMBAC project to provide this information
is presented. Experiences in applying pressure indicators in assessing the agri-environmental measures are discussed and their
applicability for the identification of environmental impacts, management and monitoring is evaluated. 相似文献
253.
Carlo Calfapietra Silvano Fares Francesco Loreto 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1478-1486
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted from vegetation (particularly isoprenoids) represent an important source of atmospheric hydrocarbons almost double the anthropogenic source. When biogenic VOC mix with NOx in the presence of UV radiation, ozone (O3) is formed. In Italy, optimal conditions for O3 formation in terms of VOC/NOx ratios and abundance of UV radiation occur for long periods of the year. Moreover, Italian vegetation includes several species that are strong and evergreen isoprenoid emitters, and high temperatures for part of the year further stimulate these temperature-dependent emissions. We review emission of isoprenoids from Italian vegetation, current knowledge on the impact of rising O3 levels on isoprenoid emission, and evidence showing that isoprenoids can increase both the O3 flux to the plant and protection against oxidative stress because of their antioxidant functions. This trait not only influences plant tolerance to O3 but also may substantially alter the flux of O3 between atmosphere and biosphere. 相似文献
254.
255.
D'Alessandro W Bellomo S Parello F Bonfanti P Brusca L Longo M Maugeri R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2845-2855
Water samples collected from public drinking water supplies in Sicily were analysed for electric conductivity and for their
chloride, sulphate and nitrate contents. The samples were collected as uniformly as possible from throughout the Sicilian
territory, with an average sampling density of about one sample for every 7,600 inhabitants. Chloride contents that ranged
from 5.53 to 1,302 mg/l were correlated strongly with electric conductivity, a parameter used as a proxy for water salinity.
The highest values are attributable to seawater contamination along the coasts of the island. High chloride and sulphate values
attributable to evaporitic rock dissolution were found in the central part of Sicily. The nitrate concentrations ranged from
0.05 to 296 mg/l, with 31 samples (4.7% of the total) exceeding the maximum admissible concentration of 50 mg/l. Anomalous
samples always came from areas of intensive agricultural usage, indicating a clear anthropogenic origin. The same parameters
were also measured in bottled water sold in Sicily, and they all were within the ranges for public drinking water supplies.
The calculated mean nitrate intake from consuming public water supplies (16.1 mg/l) did not differ significantly from that
of bottled water (15.2 mg/l). Although the quality of public water supplies needs to be improved by eliminating those that
do not comply with the current drinking water limits, at present it does not justify the high consumption of bottled water
(at least for nitrate contents). 相似文献
256.
A Bellante M Sprovieri G Buscaino G Buffa V Di Stefano DS Manta M Barra F Filiciotto A Bonanno S Mazzola 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(9):2382-2391
Concentrations of Cd and As were determined in organs and tissues (muscle, heart, kidney, lung and liver) of four cetacean species (Stenella coeruleoalba, Truncatus truncatus, Grampus griseus and Ziphius cavirostris) stranded along the Italian coasts during the period 2000-2009. Significant differences were found between Cd concentrations in the different analysed tissues. Particularly, the kidney shows the highest concentrations of Cd in all analysed specimens, followed by the liver. No systematic or statistically significant difference in As concentrations was found in the analysed tissues. Considerable differences of Cd and As values in samples from different geographical areas (Sicily Channel, Adriatic Sea and Tyrrhenian Sea) were found, with the highest values measured in samples from the Sicily Channel. This basically suggests that anthropogenic and natural sources significantly affect Cd and As content in cetaceans. 相似文献
257.
Kerstin Ronneberger Maria Berrittella Francesco Bosello Richard S. J. Tol 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(2):149-168
In this paper, the global agricultural land use model Kleines Land Use Model is coupled to an extended version of the computable general equilibrium model (CGE) Global Trade Analysis
Project in order to consistently assess the integrated impacts of climate change on global cropland allocation and its implication
for economic development. The methodology is innovative as it introduces dynamic economic land-use decisions based also on
the biophysical aspects of land into a state-of-the-art CGE; it further allows the projection of resulting changes in cropland
patterns on a spatially more explicit level. A convergence test and illustrative future simulations underpin the robustness
and potentials of the coupled system. Reference simulations with the uncoupled models emphasise the impact and relevance of
the coupling; the results of coupled and uncoupled simulations can differ by several hundred percent.
相似文献
Francesco BoselloEmail: Email: |
258.
Jean Pierre Temga Jean Pierre Nguetnkam Daniela Palazzini Robert Ndjouenkeu Francesco Vitali 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2014,7(3):222-234
Deforestation is one of the most dramatic threats to environmental equilibrium and food safety in many regions of the world, and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. It is enhanced by many kinds of human activities, among which is the earth brick-firing process that needs large amounts of wood for attaining and maintaining temperatures required during this process. In order to reduce deforestation, the present study investigated from different points of view the potential of crude earth to be used as building material, taking as a case study the Logone Valley located at the border between Chad and Cameroon. First, an on-site investigation was made to verify the state-of-the-art of brick production technologies and to evaluate their impact on the environment. Subsequently, morphological and geotechnical analyses on soil samples collected from different sites of the Logone Valley were carried out, to evaluate their suitability to brick production. Finally, a pilot plant for crude earthen brick production was set, particularly based on a new press designed for this purpose. 相似文献
259.
Chiara Guarisco Giovanni Palmisano Giuseppe Calogero Rosaria Ciriminna Gaetano Di Marco Vittorio Loddo Mario Pagliaro Francesco Parrino 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11135-11141
Sensitized P25 TiO2 was prepared by wet impregnation with a home-prepared perylene dye, i.e., N,N′-bis(2-(1-piperazino)ethyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid diimide dichloride (PZPER). Energy levels of PZPER were found to be compatible with those of TiO2 allowing fast electron transfer. The obtained catalyst has been characterized and used in the gas-phase partial oxidation of aliphatic primary and secondary alcohols, i.e., methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol. The reaction was carried out under cut-off (λ?>?400 nm) simulated solar radiation in O2 atmosphere. The perylene derivative allowed a good absorbance of visible radiation thanks to its low optical energy gap (2.6 eV) which was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. The optimal organic sensitizing amount was found to be 5.6 % w/w in terms of yield in carbonyl derivatives. Moreover, no change in reactivity/selectivity was observed after 10-h irradiation thus confirming the catalyst stability. Yields into formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were 67, 70, and 96 %, respectively. No significant amounts of organic byproducts were detected but for methanol oxidation, whereas a minor amount of the substrate degraded to CO2. 相似文献
260.
Francesco Testa Paolo Grappio Natalia M. Gusmerotti Fabio Iraldo Marco Frey 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2016,18(1):197-219
Green public procurement (GPP) promises great potential for improving the environmental impact of many public organizations. However, the effects this instrument will have in the near future are unclear as there is little evidence on its exact level of engagement. This study thus aims to analyze the contents of tenders in terms of green criteria by specifically focusing on the building and construction sector. A total of 164 Italian public tenders were analyzed according to a protocol of analysis based on the GPP toolkit developed by the European Commission. Starting from a content analysis used in previous studies, a complete list of green criteria was developed in order to investigate their prevalence in the sample selected, with the aim of exploring their frequency, distribution and correlation. The results revealed a limited use of green criteria, which were mainly included as technical specifications and award criteria, thus shedding light on the difficulties that procurers are experiencing in the implementation of GPP practices. Several suggestions for policy makers and managers are identified for a better and faster implementation of green public procurement tools and methods. 相似文献