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131.
The visual and aesthetic aspects of any object are defined by its colour, form, line and texture, to which might be added compositional reference elements such as scale and, in the case of three dimensional scenes, spatial character. This paper investigates one of these colour and proposes a method for predicting the value of a building's integration into the landscape. Based on psychological aspects, the method uses computers to analyse and measure the pertinent attributes. The designer can analyse visual elements in terms of the properties that define them. For example, colour, the subject of this paper, is defined by its hue, saturation and lightness. Tables are proposed to study the relationship between buildings and their background using computers. This paper offers a tool, based on the digital examination of scenes and on people's integration preferences with respect to agroindustrial buildings, which it is hoped will help project designers select appropriate colour schemes. 相似文献
132.
133.
Francisco Olivera Rajeev Raina 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2003,39(5):1235-1248
ABSTRACT: The Network Tracing Method (NTM) has been developed to determine gridded coarse river networks for modeling large hydrologic systems. For a coarse resolution grid, the NTM determines the downstream cell of each cell and the distance along the actual meandering flow paths between them. Unlike previously developed methods, the NTM uses fine resolution vector river networks as the source of information of the flow patterns rather than digital elevation models. The main advantage of using vector river networks as input is that they capture the hydrologic terrain features better than topographic data do, particularly in areas of low topographic relief. The NTM was applied to South America with a grid resolution of 1 degree by 1 degree and to the globe with a resolution of 2.815 degrees by 2.8125 degrees. Overall, the method captured the flow patterns well. Generated digital river networks and drainage divides showed minor disagreement with those obtained from existing maps, and most of them were consistent with the resolution of the coarse river network. The majority of estimated basin areas were also close to documented values. River lengths calculated with the NTM, however, were consistently underpredicted. 相似文献
134.
Ferreira José Francisco de Carvalho Corrêa Jacklinne Matta de Alcantara Junior José Ernaldo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):15725-15738
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Although sustainability assessment is widely discussed at Brazil, in Brazilian Amazon its use is still little applied, considering this territory is... 相似文献
135.
Andrés-Abellán M López-Serrano FR Morote FA Del Cerro-Barja A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,120(1-3):93-107
This study examines the effects of visitors on vegetation of natural semi-arid areas of Mediterranean basin using controlled experimental trampling. Impacts were assessed on days 1, 5, 15 and 30 examining presence of plant species, their cover and height in linear transects suffering a constant trampling intensity (25, 75, 100 and 200 passes/day). In addition, the study included the analysis of factors such as plant species, trampling intensity, the cumulative impact (day effect) and the type of footwear on plant variables. The results showed a decrease on plant cover and height influenced by cumulative (day) effect, an effect of trampling intensity and a different effect for each species. In contrast, shoe type affected only slightly the decrease in plant height. The evolution of plant cover revealed which species were most resistant to trampling. The disappearance of plant individuals during trampling appeared to be an impact index better than plant cover, because cover increased in some species when they were trampled thus introducing a bias. 相似文献
136.
Herrera-Moreno José Francisco Medina-Díaz Irma Martha Bernal-Hernández Yael Yvette Ramos Kenneth S. Alvarado-Cruz Isabel Quintanilla-Vega Betzabet González-Arias Cyndia Azucena Barrón-Vivanco Briscia Socorro Rojas-García Aurora Elizabeth 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(15):15124-15135
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Gene-specific changes in DNA methylation by pesticides in occupationally exposed populations have not been studied extensively. Of particular concern... 相似文献
137.
Rodríguez-Aguilar Maribel Díaz de León-Martínez Lorena García-Luna Sofía Gómez-Gómez Alejandro González-Palomo Ana Karen Pérez-Vázquez Francisco Javier Díaz-Barriga Fernando Trujillo Joyce Flores-Ramírez Rogelio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25825-25833
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Indoor air pollution is an important risk factor for the generation of lung diseases in developing countries. The indigenous population is... 相似文献
138.
Aver Gustavo Francisco Espín Silvia Dal Corno Renata De Boni García-Fernández Antonio Juan Petry Maria Virginia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(6):5971-5980
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, we determined the presence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in back feathers from three raptor species, Phalcoboenus chimango,... 相似文献
139.
Gardner T Acosta-Martinez V Calderón FJ Zobeck TM Baddock M Van Pelt RS Senwo Z Dowd S Cox S 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(3):744-753
Little is known about the microbial communities carried in wind-eroded sediments from various soil types and land management systems. The novel technique of pyrosequencing promises to expand our understanding of the microbial diversity of soils and eroded sediments because it can sequence 10 to 100 times more DNA fragments than previous techniques, providing enhanced exploration into what microbes are being lost from soil due to wind erosion. Our study evaluated the bacterial diversity of two types of wind-eroded sediments collected from three different organic-rich soils in Michigan using a portable field wind tunnel. The wind-eroded sediments evaluated were a coarse sized fraction with 66% of particles >106 μm (coarse eroded sediment) and a finer eroded sediment with 72% of particles <106 μm. Our findings suggested that (i) bacteria carried in the coarser sediment and fine dust were effective fingerprints of the source soil, although their distribution may vary depending on the soil characteristics because certain bacteria may be more protected in soil surfaces than others; (ii) coarser wind-eroded sediment showed higher bacterial diversity than fine dust in two of the three soils evaluated; and (iii) certain bacteria were more predominant in fine dust (, , and ) than coarse sediment ( and ), revealing different locations and niches of bacteria in soil, which, depending on wind erosion processes, can have important implications on the soil sustainability and functioning. Infrared spectroscopy showed that wind erosion preferentially removes particular kinds of C from the soil that are lost via fine dust. Our study shows that eroded sediments remove the active labile organic soil particulates containing key microorganisms involved in soil biogeochemical processes, which can have a negative impact on the quality and functioning of the source soil. 相似文献
140.
Francisco D. Gurri 《Regional Environmental Change》2010,10(3):219-231
A longitudinal survey was applied to 499 smallholder agriculturalist households in Mexico’s southern Yucatán region to determine
whether different cultural expectations had led to the formation and coexistence of different types of human–environment interactions.
A three center cluster analysis was used, and two agricultural adaptive strategies were found to coexist: a diversified subsistence
strategy built largely by individuals who were smallholder agriculturalists in their place of origin, and one generated mostly
by non-agriculturalists who migrated to the southern Yucatán to make agriculture their business during the last agrarian reform.
Each strategy followed unique family trajectories and established distinct human–environment interactions. The findings suggest
that those who emphasize commercial agriculture have a better standard of living. Nevertheless, their improved on-farm livelihoods—judged
by material, physiological, and educational indicators—comes at the cost of higher risks to their adaptive system and adverse
environmental consequences. 相似文献