全文获取类型
收费全文 | 875篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 51篇 |
废物处理 | 20篇 |
环保管理 | 125篇 |
综合类 | 140篇 |
基础理论 | 220篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 222篇 |
评价与监测 | 79篇 |
社会与环境 | 34篇 |
灾害及防治 | 8篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 15篇 |
2013年 | 99篇 |
2012年 | 35篇 |
2011年 | 59篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 44篇 |
2008年 | 54篇 |
2007年 | 44篇 |
2006年 | 34篇 |
2005年 | 30篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 26篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1960年 | 4篇 |
1956年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有900条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
661.
Michelle Graymore Graeme Allinson Mayumi Allinson Frank Stagnitti Yasuyuki Shibata Masatoshi Morita 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3-4):427-439
The transport of the s‐triazine herbicide, atrazine, through the red, calcareous earth soils of the South Australian Riverland was investigated. Small, undisturbed soil cores were extracted from the inter‐row topsoil of a vineyard adjacent to the River Murray, approximately 10 km south‐west of Overland Corner, South Australia. The vines were grown in a deep (1–4 m) reddish brown, strongly alkaline, sandy loam with a low organic carbon content (<2%). Atrazine concentrations in the leachate were dependent on application rate and soil type. High application rates on subsoil gave high rates of leaching for a longer time compared to the same application rate on topsoil and/or lower application rates on either topsoil or subsoil. Overall, 37–65% of the applied atrazine was detected in the leachate from subsoil cores, 14–25% in topsoil core leachates. Small amounts of atrazine (< 10% of applied dose) were found only in the top 2 cm of the core profiles. The results suggest that this herbicide is somewhat mobile in such strongly alkaline, sandy loam soils and that the irrigated soils of this region are likely to be prone to leaching of atrazine, and therefore that groundwater supplies in this area may be at risk of contamination through use of triazine herbicides. 相似文献
662.
Wiebke C. Holtmann Meike Stumpp Magdalena A. Gutowska Stephanie Syré Nina Himmerkus Frank Melzner Markus Bleich 《Marine Biology》2013,160(10):2631-2645
Experimental ocean acidification leads to a shift in resource allocation and to an increased [HCO3 ?] within the perivisceral coelomic fluid (PCF) in the Baltic green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis. We investigated putative mechanisms of this pH compensation reaction by evaluating epithelial barrier function and the magnitude of skeleton (stereom) dissolution. In addition, we measured ossicle growth and skeletal stability. Ussing chamber measurements revealed that the intestine formed a barrier for HCO3 ? and was selective for cation diffusion. In contrast, the peritoneal epithelium was leaky and only formed a barrier for macromolecules. The ossicles of 6 week high CO2-acclimatised sea urchins revealed minor carbonate dissolution, reduced growth but unchanged stability. On the other hand, spines dissolved more severely and were more fragile following acclimatisation to high CO2. Our results indicate that epithelia lining the PCF space contribute to its acid–base regulation. The intestine prevents HCO3 ? diffusion and thus buffer leakage. In contrast, the leaky peritoneal epithelium allows buffer generation via carbonate dissolution from the surrounding skeletal ossicles. Long-term extracellular acid–base balance must be mediated by active processes, as sea urchins can maintain relatively high extracellular [HCO3 ?]. The intestinal epithelia are good candidate tissues for this active net import of HCO3 ? into the PCF. Spines appear to be more vulnerable to ocean acidification which might significantly impact resistance to predation pressure and thus influence fitness of this keystone species. 相似文献
663.
Narimane Dorey Frank Melzner Sophie Martin François Oberhänsli Jean-Louis Teyssié Paco Bustamante Jean-Pierre Gattuso Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe 《Marine Biology》2013,160(8):2007-2022
This study investigated the effects of seawater pH (i.e., 8.10, 7.85 and 7.60) and temperature (16 and 19 °C) on (a) the abiotic conditions in the fluid surrounding the embryo (viz. the perivitelline fluid), (b) growth, development and (c) cuttlebone calcification of embryonic and juvenile stages of the cephalopod Sepia officinalis. Egg swelling increased in response to acidification or warming, leading to an increase in egg surface while the interactive effects suggested a limited plasticity of the swelling modulation. Embryos experienced elevated pCO2 conditions in the perivitelline fluid (>3-fold higher pCO2 than that of ambient seawater), rendering the medium under-saturated even under ambient conditions. The growth of both embryos and juveniles was unaffected by pH, whereas 45Ca incorporation in cuttlebone increased significantly with decreasing pH at both temperatures. This phenomenon of hypercalcification is limited to only a number of animals but does not guarantee functional performance and calls for better mechanistic understanding of calcification processes. 相似文献
664.
665.
In a risky process there are three alternative ways to treat the negative consequences of the risk or the accident. We can: (1) take all the consequences when an accidental event occurs, (2) reduce the probability and/or the consequences of an accidental event by safety measures or (3) transfer the consequences of the occurrence to parties better able to carry them (i.e. buying insurance). In safety management a prevailing practice is that access to an insurance market does not affect the investment in safety measures. In this paper we discuss what the consequences are of this common practice in relation to insurance and mandatory safety requirements. We conclude that an overinvestment in safety measures is very likely if insurance is not taken into account. Moreover, mandatory safety measures and insurance can lead to both over- and underinvestment in safety measures. 相似文献
666.
Karsten Suhre Vincent Crassier Cline Mari Robert Rosset Doug W. Johnson Simon Osborne Robert Wood Meinrat O. Andreae Brian Bandy Timothy S. Bates Steven Businger Christian Gerbig Frank Raes Jochen Rudolph 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2000,34(29-30)
Three Lagrangian experiments were conducted during IGAC's second aerosol characterization experiment (ACE-2) in the area between Portugal, Tenerife and Madeira in June/July 1997. During each Lagrangian experiment, a boundary layer air mass was followed for about 30 h, and the temporal evolution of its chemical and aerosol composition was documented by a series of vertical profiles and horizontal box pattern flown by the Meteorological Research Flight research aircraft Hercules C130. The wealth of observational data that has been collected during these three Lagrangian experiments is the basis for the development and testing of a one-dimensional Lagrangian boundary layer model with coupled gas, aqueous, and aerosol phase chemistry. The focus of this paper is on current model limitations and strengths. We show that the model is able to represent the dynamical and chemical evolution of the marine boundary layer, in some cases requiring adjustments of the subsidence velocity and of the surface heat fluxes. Entrainment of a layer rich in ozone and carbon monoxide from a residual continental boundary layer into the marine boundary layer as well as in-cloud oxidation of sulphur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide are simulated, and coherent results are obtained, concerning the evolution of the small, presumably sulphate–ammonia aerosol mode. 相似文献
667.
Boahen Frank Száková Jiřina Kališová Adéla Najmanová Jana Tlustoš Pavel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(1):337-351
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin (Czech Republic) is suggested as a source of significant pollution in the surrounding environment with various... 相似文献
668.
Louise Mair Eduardo Amorim Monira Bicalho Thomas M. Brooks Vincente Calfo Renata de T. Capellão Colin Clubbe Marianne Evju Eduardo P. Fernandez Gláucia C. Ferreira Frank Hawkins Randall R. Jiménez Lucas S. B. Jordão Magni Olsen Kyrkjeeide Nicholas B. W. Macfarlane Bianca C. Mattos Pablo H. A. de Melo Lara M. Monteiro Eimear Nic Lughadha Nina Pougy Domitilla C. Raimondo Trine Hay Setsaas Xiaoli Shen Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira Bernardo B. N. Strassburg Philip J. K. McGowan 《Conservation biology》2023,37(1):e14046
The successful implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity's post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will rely on effective translation of targets from global to national level and increased engagement across diverse sectors of society. Species conservation targets require policy support measures that can be applied to a diversity of taxonomic groups, that link action targets to outcome goals, and that can be applied to both global and national data sets to account for national context, which the species threat abatement and restoration (STAR) metric does. To test the flexibility of STAR, we applied the metric to vascular plants listed on national red lists of Brazil, Norway, and South Africa. The STAR metric uses data on species’ extinction risk, distributions, and threats, which we obtained from national red lists to quantify the contribution that threat abatement and habitat restoration activities could make to reducing species’ extinction risk. Across all 3 countries, the greatest opportunity for reducing plant species’ extinction risk was from abating threats from agricultural activities, which could reduce species’ extinction risk by 54% in Norway, 36% in South Africa, and 29% in Brazil. Species extinction risk could be reduced by a further 21% in South Africa by abating threats from invasive species and by 21% in Brazil by abating threats from urban expansion. Even with different approaches to red-listing among countries, the STAR metric yielded informative results that identified where the greatest conservation gains could be made for species through threat-abatement and restoration activities. Quantifiably linking local taxonomic coverage and data collection to global processes with STAR would allow national target setting to align with global targets and enable state and nonstate actors to measure and report on their potential contributions to species conservation. 相似文献
669.
Perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate released from a waste water treatment plant in Bavaria, Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anna M. Becker Magdalena Suchan Silke Gerstmann Hartmut Frank 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1502-1507
Purpose
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and precursors and derivatives thereof have been employed as surfactants and anti-adhesives. PFOA and PFOS are environmentally persistent and the discharge of municipal waste waters is one of the principal routes of these compounds into the aquatic environment. In a previous study, the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in grab samples collected from the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) of Bayreuth, a city of 72,000 inhabitants in Bavaria, Germany, during two periods showed considerable variability. For a better estimate of average mass flows, the surfactants were monitored (five samplings) from 16 March to 18 May 2007. In a second campaign, river water receiving the WWTP effluent was sampled twice a day for five consecutive days.Methods
Quantitative analysis was done by stable-isotope dilution, pre-cleaning, and pre-concentration by solid-phase extraction, and liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry.Results
The mass flows of PFOA and PFOS through the WWTP were determined. PFOA is fully discharged into the river, while about half of PFOS is retained in the sewage sludge. The average daily mass load of the river Roter Main by the WWTP of Bayreuth is about 1.2?±?0.5 g PFOA and 5?±?2 g PFOS, with variations of up to 140% within one day.Conclusion
Overall, the total annual release to the rivers of Germany may be in the range of several hundred kilograms of PFOA and several tons of PFOS. 相似文献670.
Felipe Montes Sasha D. Hafner C. Alan Rotz Frank M. Mitloehner 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(16):1987-1995
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from agricultural sources are believed to be an important contributor to tropospheric ozone in some locations. Recent research suggests that silage is a major source of VOCs emitted from agriculture, but only limited data exist on silage emissions. Ethanol is the most abundant VOC emitted from corn silage; therefore, ethanol was used as a representative compound to characterize the pattern of emission over time and to quantify the effect of air velocity and temperature on emission rate. Ethanol emission was measured from corn silage samples removed intact from a bunker silo. Emission rate was monitored over 12 h for a range in air velocity (0.05, 0.5, and 5 m s?1) and temperature (5, 20, and 35 °C) using a wind tunnel system. Ethanol flux ranged from 0.47 to 210 g m?2 h?1 and 12 h cumulative emission ranged from 8.5 to 260 g m?2. Ethanol flux was highly dependent on exposure time, declining rapidly over the first hour and then continuing to decline more slowly over the duration of the 12 h trials. The 12 h cumulative emission increased by a factor of three with a 30 °C increase in temperature and by a factor of nine with a 100-fold increase in air velocity. Effects of air velocity, temperature, and air-filled porosity were generally consistent with a conceptual model of VOC emission from silage. Exposure duration, temperature, and air velocity should be taken into consideration when measuring emission rates of VOCs from silage, so emission rate data obtained from studies that utilize low air flow methods are not likely representative of field conditions. 相似文献