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151.
William A. H. Ellis Alistair Melzer Fred B. Bercovitch 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(8):1181-1188
Animal movement patterns and use of space depend upon food and nonfood resources, as well as conspecific and heterospecific
interactions, but models of habitat use often neglect to examine multiple factors and rarely include marsupials. We studied
habitat use in an Australian population of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) over a 6-year period in order to determine how koalas navigate their environment and partition limited patchy food and nonfood
resources. Tree selection among koalas appears to be mediated by folar chemistry, but nonfood tree selection exerts a major
impact on home range use due to thermoregulatory constraints. Koalas moved on a daily basis, during both day and night, but
daytime resting site was not necessarily in the same location as nighttime feeding site. Koalas had substantial home range
overlap in the near absence of resource sharing with less than 1% of trees located in areas of overlap used by multiple koalas.
We suggest that koala spatiotemporal distribution and habitat use are probably based upon a community structure of individuals,
with a checkerboard model best describing overlap in home range area but not in resource use. Nonfood refugia and social networks
should be incorporated into models of animal range and habitat use. 相似文献
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Henrik Fred Larsen Morten Søes Hansen Michael Hauschild 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2009,17(2):115-128
Existing product life cycle assessment (LCA) studies on offset printed matter all point at paper as the overall dominating cause of environmental impacts. All studies focus on energy consumption and the dominating role of paper is primarily based on the energy-related impact categories: global warming, acidification and nutrient enrichment. Ecotoxicity and human toxicity, which are related to emissions of chemicals, etc., are only included to a limited degree or not at all. In this paper we include the impacts from chemicals emitted during the life cycle of sheet fed offset printed matter. This is done by making use of some of the newest knowledge about emissions from the production at the printing industry combined with knowledge about the composition of the printing materials used. In cases with available data also upstream emissions from the production of printing materials are included. The results show that inclusion of the chemical emission-related impacts makes the EDIP97 impact profile of sheet fed offset products much more varied, as well for the normalised profiles as for the profiles weighted by distance to political environmental targets. Especially the ecotoxicity impact potential related to the production stage may contribute significantly, and the use of paper no longer becomes the overall dominating factor driving the environmental impacts. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION: This study explores the differences in injury severity between male and female drivers, and across the different age groups, in single-vehicle accidents involving passenger cars. METHOD: Given the occurrence of an accident, separate male and female multinomial logit models of injury severity (with possible outcomes of no injury, injury, and fatality) were estimated for young (ages 16 to 24), middle-aged (ages 25 to 64), and older (ages 65 and older) drivers. RESULTS: The estimation results show statistically significant differences in the factors that determine injury-severity levels between male and female drivers and among the different driver age groups. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss a number of plausible explanations for the observed age/gender differences and provide suggestions for future work on the subject. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: A better understanding of age and gender differences can lead to improvements in vehicle and highway design to minimize driver injury severity. This paper provides some new evidence to help unravel this complex problem. 相似文献
157.
Farhad Nadim Amvrossios C Bagtzoglou Sandrine A Baun Glenn S Warner Fred Ogden Richard A Jacobson Piotr Parasiewicz 《Water environment research》2007,79(1):43-56
A study was conducted to determine the effect of water withdrawals from the University of Connecticut's (Storrs) water supply wells on the fisheries habitat of the Fenton River adjacent to the well field. The study was designed to investigate the relationships between in-stream flow and selected fish habitat in the section of the Fenton River situated in the main zone of influence of the pumping field. With the aid of historical data, new data collection, and mathematical simulation modeling, the relation between the magnitude and timing of groundwater withdrawals on the stage and flow of water in the stream was derived. Fish sampling and habitat modeling were used to assess the effects of human influence on certain reaches of the Fenton River. Among the various water management scenarios studied, several are presented that would optimize water withdrawals, while minimizing adverse effects on the stream flow and in-stream habitat. 相似文献
158.
The Triad Approach was field‐tested to determine if characterization objectives could be met for a brownfields property that had been identified as a future elementary school site. The new school is in response to a New Jersey Supreme Court ruling (the Abbott decision) that directed the state of New Jersey to fund school construction in poorer districts to expand physical facilities to relieve overcrowding. The Triad Approach is promoted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as a process that has the potential to improve the timeliness and efficiency of site characterization, and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) recently issued a policy statement supporting its potential. Aggressive school construction deadlines are contingent on property acquisitions that are relatively faster than the traditional investigatory process. In addition, given the future sensitive population, the investigations must be thorough. This case study is among the first studies to document the use of the Triad Approach for a future school site. The Triad Approach was used to define site conditions for six areas of concern in a two‐month time frame (from the start of the planning process to completed investigation). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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160.
Robin S. Reid Philip K. Thornton Graeme J. McCrabb Russell L. Kruska Fred Atieno Peter G. Jones 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2004,6(1-2):91-109
Climate change science has been discussed and synthesized by the world's best minds at unprecedented scales. Now that the Kyoto Protocol may become a reality, it is time to be realistic about the likelihood of success of mitigation activities. Pastoral lands in the tropics hold tremendous sequestration potential but also strong challenges to potential mitigation efforts. Here we present new analyses of the global distribution of pastoral systems in the tropics and the changes they will likely undergo in the next 50 years. We then briefly summarize current mitigation options for these lands. We then conclude by attempting a pragmatic look at the realities of mitigation. Mitigation activities have the greatest chance of success if they build on traditional pastoral institutions and knowledge (excellent communication, strong understanding of ecosystem goods and services) and provide pastoral people with food security benefits at the same time. 相似文献