An integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in the brains of Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice after real-world PM2.5 exposure

Fine particulatematter (PM2.5) is associated with increased risks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD),yet the toxicologicalmechanisms of PM2.5 promoting AD remain unclear. In this study,wildtype and APP/PS1 transgenic mice (AD mice) were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 for eight weeks with a real-world exposure system in Taiyuan, China (mean PM2.5 concentration in the cage was 61 μg/m3). We found that PM2.5 exposure could remarkably aggravate AD mice’s ethological and brain ultrastructural damage, along with the elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), Aβ-42 and AChE levels and the decline of ChAT levels in the brains. Based on high-throughput sequencing results, some differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and DE miRNAs in the brains of AD mice after PM2.5 exposure were screened.Using RT-qPCR, seven DEmiRNAs (mmu-miR-193b-5p, 122b-5p, 466h-3p, 10b-5p, 1895, 384–5p, and 6412) and six genes (Pcdhgb8, Unc13b, Robo3, Prph, Pter, and Tbata) were evidenced the and verified. Two miRNA-target gene pairs (miR-125b-Pcdhgb8 pair and miR-466h-3p-IL-17Rα/TGF-βR2/Aβ-42/AChE pairs) were demonstrated that they were more related to PM2.5-induced brain injury. Results of Gene Ontology (GO) pathways and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways predicted that synaptic and postsynaptic regulation, axon guidance, Wnt, MAPK, and mTOR pathways might be the possible regulatory mechanisms associated with pathological response. These revealed that PM2.5- elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and PM2.5-altered neurotransmitter levels in AD mice could be the important causes of brain damage and proposed the promising miRNA andmRNA biomarkers and potentialmiRNA-mRNA interaction networks of PM2.5-promoted AD.     

上海市居民生活用水主要污染物产生系数的研究

通过抽样、调研和取样监测,得到了各季节上海市人均自来水用量和居民生活污水主要污染物浓度的数据,计算出各季节上海市居民生活用水主要污染物产生系数.结果表明,COD产生系数在冬季最高,夏季与春(秋)季较为接近.氨氮、总氮、总磷则是冬季和春(秋)季较为接近,夏季较低.全年平均COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷产生系数分别为54.5,6.4,8.8,0.7g/(人·d).上海市各区按照单位面积居民生活用水主要污染物负荷数值大小划分为4个层次,根据所在层次可采用密集管道集中收集,分片收集,小规模生态处理等污染物削减方案.     

新疆玛纳斯河流域灌溉水资源保证程度及提升策略

从供需两方面,构建了区域灌溉水资源保证程度分析模型,利用该模型对玛纳斯河流域灌溉水资源保证程度进行了分析。结果表明,现状年玛纳斯河流域灌溉水资源保证程度为79.21%,各灌区存在较大的差异,下野地、莫索湾、金安、玛纳斯等灌区灌溉水资源保证程度较低,分别为69.09%、78.76%、78.25%、71.24%,明显处于亏缺状态,而石河子灌区达115.06%,处于相对盈余状态。在各灌区灌溉总面积维持现有数量以及保证灌区水资源安全的前提下,随着加大部分灌区(金安、玛纳斯和石河子灌区)地下水资源开发力度,大力发展高新节水技术以及调整种植结构,近期流域灌溉水资源保证程度总体可接近100%,但流域内除石河子灌区外,下野地、莫索湾、金安、玛纳斯等灌区灌溉水资源仍处于亏缺状态。2020年随着各种综合措施的进一步实施,全流域灌溉保证程度将增加至113.19%,各灌区将实现灌溉水资源供需平衡。最后,针对3类不同灌溉水资源保证程度地区的水资源利用状况,提出了差别化的提升策略。     

三峡工程库区巫山段干支流水质变化分析研究

文章采用巫山县环境监测站2002年到2008年监测资料,对三峡工程蓄水后库区巫山段水质进行了评价与分析。结果表明：蓄水后三峡库区长江干流巫山段总体水质良好;未受到重金属、石油类和挥发性酚类物质污染;总氮和总磷指标偏高;水体处于中营养状态水平。蓄水后一级支流总磷、总氮指标升高,水质类别上升,水质有恶化的趋势;水流变缓,气候条件和营养盐浓度适宜,在一级支流回水敏感区的部分河段爆发了“水华”,富营养化的潜在风险升高。在营养水平和气候条件相当的情况下,支流回水区常爆发“水华”而干流未出现“水华”现象,说明水动力条件是发生水体富营养化的主要诱发因子。     

预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺处理再生纸废水

介绍了预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺在再生纸废水处理工程中的应用。运行结果表明:该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,进水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)分别为1542,654,2254mg/L时,出水分别为77,38,22mg/L,系统出水水质达GB3544-2001《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》。     

Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewaters: a review

Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The treatment of heavy metals is of special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for heavy metal removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat heavy metal wastewater and evaluates these techniques. These technologies include chemical precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation-flocculation, flotation and electrochemical methods. About 185 published studies (1988-2010) are reviewed in this paper. It is evident from the literature survey articles that ion-exchange, adsorption and membrane filtration are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.     

Biodegradation of nitrogen-enriched lignite

Biodegradation of nitrogen-enriched lignite by soil bacteria previously acclimated in hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid lignitic substrate was carried out to assess the effects of nitrogen functional groups on the biodegradation of lignite. Chlorination, oxidation plus nitration, and ammoniation were applied in an attempt to modify the chemical structure of lignite so as to obtain a lignitic substrate that is more compatible to the enzymatical system of ordinary soil bacteria than that of unmodified lignite. Incorporation of nitrogen containing functional groups into lignite structure achieved 4.71 wt%, a value five times higher than that usually found in unmodified (raw) lignite. Data collected through a 16 day incubation time, monitoring production as well as depletion of both nitrate and organic acids, concluded that biodegradation was expedited by the incorporation of nitrogen into the structure of lignite. Twenty-eight compounds were identified based on the results from GC/MS analysis of the products.     

污水管道中硫循环三阶段模型研究综述

污水在管道输送的过程中很容易出现厌氧环境,产生的硫化氢常引起恶臭、中毒和腐蚀等一系列问题。这些问题可归结为因硫元素在管道中不同相态间的迁移转化所致,该过程主要包括三个阶段：污水中硫化物的产生和扩散、硫化氢由液相到气相的逸散以及管壁上硫化氢的氧化进而引起混凝土等管道腐蚀。对这三阶段机理模型进行了归纳总结,最后在三阶段模型的基础上阐述了控制和预防硫化氢问题的方法,从而为污水输送系统的运行、管理和设计提供参考。     

三唑酮对大型溞21天慢性毒性效应

三唑类杀菌剂是一种在农业上广泛应用的广谱性杀菌剂.三唑类杀菌剂在农田施用后能够向土壤深处迁移和扩散,从而污染土壤和地下水体,因此三唑类杀菌剂对土壤生态环境能够造成一定的破坏.选择三唑酮为研究对象,参照经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Develop...     

《大气污染防治行动计划》实施环境效果模拟

本研究利用2010年污染源普查数据和MEIC排放清单建立全国大气污染物高时空分辨率排放清单,在此基础上利用2012年环境统计数据对其进行修订建立2012年全国大气污染物高时空分辨率排放清单;结合《大气污染防治行动计划》(以下简称《计划》)研究工作,测算了《计划》实施后在污染源综合治理、落后产能淘汰、能源结构调整方面对SO2、NOx、颗粒物、VOCs的减排量,同时对污染物新增量进行了预测,建立了《计划》实施后全国大气污染物高时空分辨率排放清单;利用CMAQ空气质量模型模拟分析了《计划》实施的空气质量改善效果。结果表明:《计划》实施后,将可以减少641万吨SO2、859万吨NOx、547万吨颗粒物(不含扬尘污染控制)、627万吨VOCs,全国、京津冀、长三角及珠三角区域PM2.5年均浓度将分别比2012年下降22.08%、33.99%、23.98%、24.04%。如果《计划》要求全部落实,可以实现空气质量改善目标。