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271.
水泥窑协同处置过程中Pb、Cd的挥发特性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对铅、镉2种重金属的氧化物开展了热重实验、熟料煅烧以及熟料消解实验,以重金属的挥发率为主要指标,研究了水泥窑协同处置过程中铅、镉在等温条件下随时间的挥发特性。结果表明,2种重金属的挥发率均是随温度的升高,时间的增加而增大。Pb的挥发率为96%,Cd的挥发率达到98%,根据等温动力学及阿累尼乌斯方程,对Pb,Cd的挥发率随时间变化的规律进行动力学模拟,得到较好的线性拟合效果,其中,Pb挥发反应的表观活化能E为88.73 kJ/mol,Cd挥发反应可以分2个部分:1 200℃以下的表观活化能E为61 kJ/mol;1 250℃以上的表观活化能E为184.6 kJ/mol。 相似文献
272.
A new Vis-Fe0-H2O2-citrate-O2 system comprising zero-valent iron, hydrogen peroxide, citrate anion and aeration at circumneutral pH under visible irradiation was studied. 21 μmol L−1 of Rhodamine B (RhB) was chosen as the substrate to be tested. Experiments were conducted under conditions of 2.9 mmol L−1 of H2O2, 12.6 g of Fe0 and 1.0 mmol L−1 of citrate at pH 7.5. Results showed that, in 1 h reaction, 54% of RhB was removed with corresponding 26% of COD reduced. Meanwhile, the amount of released dissolved irons from Fe0 surface was found to be at a very low level as <5.4 μmol L−1. Extinguishing tests with isopropanol suggested that RhB oxidation by hydroxyl radicals was the main process taken place in Vis-Fe0-H2O2-citrate-O2 system, which accounted for 75% of substrate removal in 3 h reaction. Control and factor influencing experiments showed that the prohibitive extents of individual factor importance on RhB removal followed a decreasing order of Fe0 > H2O2 > citrate > Vis > O2. This study showed an excellent system that could remove refractory organic compounds from water in laboratory researches, and also provided a good idea to reduce secondary contamination by dissolved irons in future investigations. 相似文献
273.
研究了混凝一气浮工艺对不同分子量区间三卤甲烷生成势(trihalomethanes formation potential,THMFP)的去除效果及絮体形态对THMFP去除效果的影响。结果表明,混凝一气浮工艺以去除大分子量区间THMFP为主,对小分子量区间THMFP的去除效果较差。UV254值与THMFP值的线性相关系数为0.9449,UV254值可以较好地反映THMFP的含量。絮体的分形维数为1.17~1.2时,孔隙率较大,可增加絮体对THMFP的活性吸附空间,且絮体相对密度较小,可增强同向絮凝作用,增加絮体和THMFP的接触概率,有利于气浮对THMFP的去除。 相似文献
274.
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277.
Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in ceramic brick: product characterization and environmental toxicity 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
In this study, municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash was used as a blending in making ceramic brick based on its characterization and an orthogonal test was performed to determine the optimal mixture ratio of the materials. Besides, the fired bricks made in accordance with the optimal mixture ratio were characterized for performance, phase transformation, microstructure, leaching toxicity of the heavy metals in accordance with GB/T 2542-92 (Detection methods for bricks analysis, China) and by means of XRD, SEM and leaching toxicity analysis. It was found that the optimal mixture ratio of materials (MSWI fly ash:red ceramic clay:feldspar:gang sand) was 20:60:10:10 by mass, and the optimal sintering temperature was 950 °C. Leaching results of heavy metals from sintered bricks were reduced considerably in comparison with those from green bricks prior to sintering process. The results as a whole suggested that utilization of MSWI fly ash in ceramic brick constituted a potential means of adding value. 相似文献
278.
Distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in surface and vertical sediments from the Zha Long Wetland, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Liu G Li J Yin L Liu L Qi H Wu Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2681-2689
Introduction
The Zha Long Wetland, the first water bird conservation area in China, lies on the northern bank of the Song Nen Plain with an area of 2,100 km2. In many areas of the Zha Long Wetland, water pollution has led to a decrease in the wetland??s ecological function, vegetation degradation, a decrease in the number of bird species, and the depletion of fish resources.Materials and methods
The sediments used in this study were collected from the surface sediment of seven sites and from different depths in three types of marshes in the Zha Long Wetland in northeast China in late October 2006. The levels and distribution patterns of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; ??-HCH, ??-HCH, ??-HCH, ??-HCH, p,p??-DDE, p,p??-DDD, p,p??-DDT, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, and methoxychlor) in surface sediments as well as hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) in vertical sediments were investigated.Results and discussion
The concentrations of HCHs, DDTs, endosulfans, heptachlors, aldrin, and methoxychlor in surface sediments ranged from 10.44 to 41.97 ng/g, nd (undetectable levels) to 211.88 ng/g, nd to 69.89 ng/g, nd to 28.10 ng/g, 9.81 to 623.83 ng/g, and from nd to 3.99 ng/g, respectively. The highest levels of OCPs were detected in Tangtugangzi at a total concentration of 727.72 ng/g, where the dominant compound was endrin at a concentration of 483.04 ng/g. In the vertical sediments, the HCHs and DDTs were in the ranges of nd?C136.00 and nd?C214.06 ng/g, respectively.Conclusions
Different distributions of HCHs, DDTs, and other OCPs indicated that they originated from different contamination sources. Composition analyses in surface sediments indicated recent OCP usage or discharge at some sample sites in the Zha Long Wetland. 相似文献279.
280.
自20世纪80年代以来,桂林漓江由于上游森林遭受破坏出现水生态环境快速恶化的趋势。地表热场的时空变化直接影响森林蒸散及水文效应。因此,对漓江上游1989~2006年5景TM/ETM+卫星图像,利用归一化植被指数反演植被覆盖度,利用单窗算法反演地表温度,提出归一化温度使不同时相地表热场具有可比性,分析植被覆盖度时空变化对地表热场的影响。结果表明,在空间上,地表温度随植被覆盖度的增加而降低,在植被覆盖度很高或很低时,这种影响相对变弱;在时间上,漓江上游1989~2000年植被中、高度覆盖面积从96.1%逐年下降到65.9%,导致归一化地表温度数值较高的像元比例相应增加;2000~2006年植被中、高度覆盖面积逐渐恢复上升到90.8%,但仍略低于1989年,使得归一化地表温度数值较高的像元比例相应减少。植被覆盖可以有效地降低漓江上游地表温度 相似文献