嗜碱细菌降解木质素的复合碳源共代谢研究Ⅱ—营养条件调控机制的研究

文章研究了在蔗糖（第一碳源）＋麦草木质素（第二碳源）的复合碳源组合方式培养条件下,嗜碱木质素降解菌降解木质素的降解率及营养条件调控机制对其的影响。结果表明,蔗糖初始浓度为1g/L,添加0．3％的T－80和0.5mmol/L的ABTS并静置培养对菌株的产酶及降解能力有较大的促进作用。     

昆明市工业“三废”排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

根据昆明市1995-2006年历年环境污染指标的统计数据和历年人均GDP统计数据,构建人均GDP与环境污染(工业"三废"排放量)之间的计量模型,并在此基础上分析工业"三废"排放量与人均GDP增长的关系.研究表明,昆明市经济增长与环境污染(工业"三废"排放量)之间并不都是标准的环境库兹涅茨曲线(倒"U"型)关系,而是呈现出倒"U"型和正"U"型两种环境库兹涅茨类型.     

九孔鲍苗种培育期间"脱板症"预防探讨

采用不同的光照强度,异、同地亲鲍,投放受精卵和投放担轮幼虫等3种方法进行育苗试验,结果表明,在九孔鲍人工苗种生产中,采取1 000～1500 lx的光照强度,用异地亲鲍繁育,投放担轮幼虫等方法进行育苗,可以预防或减少"脱板症"的发生.本文还就相关问题进行了探讨.     

Preparations of TiO2 film coated on foam nickel substrate by sol-gel processes and its photocatalytic activity for degradation of acetaldehyde

Anatase TiO2 films were successfully prepared on foam nickel substrates by sol-gel technique using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. The characteristics of the TiO2 films were investigated by XPS, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM and UV-Vis absorption spectra. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 films were investigated by photocatalytic degradation reactions of gaseous acetaldehyde, an indoor pollutant, under ultraviolet light irradiation. It was found that Ni^2＋ doping into TiO2 films due to the foam nickel substrates resulted in the extension of absorption edges of TiO2 films from UV region to visible light region. The pre-heating for foam nickel substrates resulted in the formation of NiO layer, which prevented effectively the injection of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 films to metal nickel. The TiO2 films displayed high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of acetaldehyde, and were enhanced by calcining the substrates and coating TiO2 films repeatedly. The high activity was mainly attributed to the improvement of the characteristics of substrate surface and the increase of active sites on photocatalyst.     

ATR-FTIR and XPS study on the structure of complexes formed upon the adsorption of simple organic acids on aluminum hydroxide

Information on the binding of organic ligands to metal （hydr）oxide surfaces is useful for understanding the adsorption behaviour of natural organic matter on metal （hydr）oxide. In this study, benzoate and salicylate were employed as the model organic ligands and aluminum hydroxide as the metal hydroxide. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectra revealed that the ligands benzoate and salicylate do coordinate directly with the surface of hydrous aluminum hydroxide, thereby forming innersphere surface complexes. It is concluded that when the initial pH is acidic or neutral, monodentate and bridging complexes are to be formed between benzoate and aluminum hydroxide while bridging complexes predominate when the initial pH is alkalic. Monodentate and bridging complexes can be formed at pH 5 while precipitate and bridging complexes are formed at pH 7 when salicylate anions are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. The X-ray photoelectron （XP） spectra demonstrated the variation of C 1 s binding energy in the salicyate and phenolic groups before and after adsorption. It implied that the benzoate ligands are adsorbed through the complexation between carboxylate moieties and the aluminum hydroxide surface, while both carboxylate group and phenolic group are involved in the complexation reaction when salicylate is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. The information offered by the XPS confirmed the findings obtained with ATR-FTIR.     

生物降解优势菌株的选育及其含油废水降解性能研究

从被含油废水长期污染的活性污泥中筛选出能降解该废水的优势菌种。经分离纯化得到4株不同的单一菌株。通过对各菌株降解能力的考察,其中菌株H1降解能力明显高于其它菌株。经利用正交试验法实验,得到H1菌属最适生长条件为40℃温度、pH9、NaCl浓度为0．5mol／L。该菌株降解含油废水的最佳使用条件为：pH7;温度30℃-40℃;培养时间为40h;最佳菌体接种量为每100mL废水中投加2．0mL;营养液中,生长因子是必需的营养成分;而且C／N最佳比值为3：1。H1菌株的降解率高出市售菌种的降解率20％以上,有效地解决了市售菌种因针对性不强而效果欠佳的难题,有望降低生产成本。     

采用响应面优化酸浸法回收报废三元电池中有价金属的研究

为简化传统报废锂离子电池(LIBs)处理工艺,对报废镍钴锰三元(NCM)电池正极材料进行浸出处理,在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面分析法分析浸出温度、抗坏血酸浓度、固液比和浸出时间对正极材料中Co、Li、Mn、Ni浸出率的影响。建立数学回归模型,分析因素间的交互作用。结果表明,各金属的回归方程模型均显著(p<0.05),R^2≥0.88,信噪比N>4,C.V.较低,可用于报废NCM电池中Co、Li、Mn、Ni浸出工艺的分析与预测,其中浸出温度和抗坏血酸浓度的交互作用对Li和Ni的浸出率影响最大。各金属浸出率的最佳工艺条件为:浸出温度69.26℃,抗坏血酸浓度1.24 mol/L,固液比31.30 g/L,浸出时间59.79 min。在此条件下,Co、Li、Mn、Ni浸出率分别为96.35%、92.53%、89.28%、56.32%。结合回归分析及可操作性原则,进行3次平行试验,试验结果与模型理论预测值接近。试验过程简单,处理方法对环境友好,有利于工业化生产。     

Arsenic detoxification in Eucalyptus: subcellular distribution,chemical forms,and sulfhydryl substances

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Eucalyptus cultivation acreage was large in Guangxi provinces. Guanglin 9 (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) is a widely cultivated...     

两种模型模拟重金属离子在二氧化锰上吸附行为的比较

本文通过实验考查了Cu2＋、Co2＋、Cd2＋、Zn2＋和Ni25种重金属离子在二氧化锰上的吸附边.在改良型金属分配模型（MMP模型）的基础上,作者考虑了水解态重金属离子吸附的贡献,构建了MMP-1模型,并分别利用这两种模型去模拟了重金属离子在二氧化锰上的吸附边.两个模型模拟各金属吸附边效果很好且相关系数均达到0.99以上.在pH4.0～6.0范围内,MMP-1模型模拟Cu2＋、Co2＋吸附边效果要明显优于MMP模型.