宏蛋白质组学在活性污泥研究中的应用

宏蛋白质组学作为研究微生物群落的一种新兴技术,主要是对特定微生物群落所表达的全部蛋白进行宏观、高通量的分析研究.本文综述了宏蛋白质组学研究的技术路线,主要包括蛋白的提取和纯化、分离和鉴定,以及宏蛋白质组学在强化生物除磷的活性污泥、活性污泥胞外多聚物和比较不同处理工艺活性污泥的差异等方面的研究.活性污泥的宏蛋白质组学研究完善了强化生物除磷活性污泥的厌氧和好氧阶段的代谢模型,揭示了活性污泥胞外多聚物在污染物降解过程中的主要作用和表现,阐述了不同活性污泥在污水处理过程中宏观特性与微观功能之间的关系,对于污水的生物处理有着重要的指导意义.宏蛋白质组学在活性污泥研究领域仍处于起步阶段,没有统一、有效的蛋白提取方法,数据库匮乏,成为活性污泥宏蛋白质组学发展的主要阻碍.随着各种新兴仪器、方法的应用以及数据库的不断完善,活性污泥宏蛋白质组学将会在污染物生物降解机制分析、鉴定功能蛋白等方面展现其巨大的优势.     

Nitrogen removal performance and bacterial communities in zeolite trickling filter under different influent C/N ratios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the degradation performance of nutrients in zeolite trickling filter (ZTF) with different influent C/N ratios and aeration conditions...     

Effects of tea polyphenols on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of related gene in the leaves of wheat seedlings under salt stress

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Longchun 30, a new wheat variety, was used to investigate seedling growth, element absorption, and antioxidant response under 150 mM NaCl and tea...     

蔗渣垫料在零排放发酵床养猪中的应用研究

目前微生物发酵床养猪垫料是选用木屑、谷壳作为原料,来实现零排放养猪。文章选用农业固体废弃物——蔗渣为垫料应用于零排放漏缝发酵床养猪,跟踪了3个月垫料在实际使用中的温度、有机质、氮、磷、钾、微生物指标,对蔗渣的使用效果进行了评价,并建立PCR反应体系来扩增DNA,利用PCR-DGGE技术对垫料中的微生物群落多样性进行研究。结果表明:蔗渣作为垫料,能使垫床温度控制在40⁶5℃之间,保证了良好的发酵效果、且有效活菌数达到0.22×109cfu/g,可以对猪粪便等有机质进行较彻底的消解,因此蔗渣可以作为一种垫料应用于零排放漏缝发酵床;垫料中总养分达到1.371 7%,使用后的垫料可以作为一种原料生产生物有机肥。     

顶空气相色谱法测定水中苯系物实验研究

采用顶空气相色谱法对水中苯系物的测定方法进行了研究。在研究过程中讨论了盐,顶空平衡温度和平衡时间等因素对测定结果的影响。实验结果表明无机盐的加入可以提高苯系物的响应值,顶空平衡温度和平衡时间分别为60℃和50 min时为最优的实验分析条件。在此实验条件下,苯系物各组分回归方程的线性相关性较为显著。方法的检出限在2.5~5.9μg/L,加标回收率为93.8%～96.8%,相对标准偏差小于14.7%。该方法对于水中苯系物的测定准确、快捷、重现性好。     

煤矿酸性矿井水处理方法研究

某些煤炭资源的开采不可避免地将伴随着含铁、锰酸性矿井水的外排。论述了含铁、锰酸性矿井水的形成机制,对中和法、人工湿地法、微生物法等几种酸性矿井水处理工艺进行比选,提出了适宜以中和法为主体对煤矿酸性矿井水进行处置,并对石灰石中和法、石灰中和法、石灰石-石灰联合中和法处理酸性矿井水进行了分析研究。     

南四湖底泥中有机氯农药分布特征

采用GC-ECD对南四湖底泥中的有机氯农药HCHs和DDTs含量进行了定性和定量分析。南四湖8个采用点均有不同程度的HCHs和DDTs检出,其中中部区域含量较高。根据各含量的值推测南四湖部分地区仍然有林丹在使用,基本没有HCHs工业制品在使用,底泥中的HCHs主要为早期残留;南四湖地区没有新的DDTs输入,大部分的DDT在好氧条件下转化成为了DDE并赋存在底泥中。     

基于ANFIS模型的基坑工程位移反分析

在软土地基深基坑开挖支护工程的设计与施工中,岩土体力学参数的取值问题是关键。基于MATLAB(R2007a)模糊工具箱中的自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)对基坑岩土体力学参数进行了位移反演分析,并结合汉口火车站出站厅基坑工程实例,动态反演了具体参数,检验了反演精度,从而验证了该方法用于基坑工程位移反分析的可行性及工程适用性。     

Experimental investigation of the e ect of flow turbulence and sediment transport patterns on the adsorption of cadmium ions onto sediment particles

The mechanism of flow turbulence,sediment supply conditions,and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmiumions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied both in batch reactors and in a turbulencesimulation tank.By changing the agitation conditions,the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment.It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much lessthan that of suspended sediment,but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final(equilibrium)concentration of dissolvedcadmium.This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern.Inthe turbulence simulation tank,the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions,and the turbulence intensity is quantifiedin terms of eddy diffusivity,which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency)and is comparable to natural surfacewater conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment,the adsorption rateis significantly low,and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of theexperiment.This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in naturalrivers.When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists,the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmiumconcentration in the tank noticeably increase,and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerablydue to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results ofthe experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment,andin particular the adsorption rate,is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor.     

北京转河河岸带生态修复对河流水质的影响

以北京转河为例,探讨一系列河岸带生态修复措施(尤其是河漫地和护岸的改造)对河流水质的影响.于2009年7～9月进行实地调查,沿河岸选取13个采样点,并定期采集水样,测定其中营养物质和溶解氧(DO)等的浓度.结果表明,转河氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝氮(NO3--N)、总磷(TP)和DO的浓度均有非常明显的季节变化.在居民用...