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31.
Schifter I Díaz L Rodríguez R Durán J Chávez O 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):459-470
A remote sensing study was conducted in year 2006 in four locations of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City (MAMC). Two of
the sites were the same studied back by us in year 2000 and by others in year 1994. A database was compiled containing 11,289
valid measurements for the carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC), and nitric oxide (NO) exhaust vehicles emissions.
Valid measurements were binned for each pollutant by the vehicle specific power (between −5 and 20 kW tonne−1) for the 2000 and 2006 databases. The mean average CO, THC, and NO emissions for year 2006 were determined to be 1.10 ± 0.18 vol.%,
299 ± 88.4 ppm, and 610 ± 115.0 ppm, respectively. Matching the vehicle driving patterns of the fleet measured in year 2000
with the emissions factors obtained in this work, allows estimating the trends in the exhaust emissions of vehicles in the
MAMC. The adjusted results of the remote sensing study performed in year 2006 shows that the fleet has decrease 22% in CO
and 17% in NO emissions, with small change in total hydrocarbons emissions. The improvements could be related with the introduction
in year 2001 of vehicles that met tighter emissions standards, particularly for nitrogen oxides. 相似文献
32.
Lizárraga-Mendiola L González-Sandoval MR Durán-Domínguez MC Márquez-Herrera C 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,155(1-4):355-372
The geochemical behavior of zinc, lead and copper from sulfidic tailings in a mine site with potential to generate acidic drainage (pyrite (55%) and sphalerite (2%)) is reported in this paper. The mining area is divided in two zones, considering the topographic location of sampling points with respect to the tailings pile: (a) outer zone, out of the probable influence of acid mine drainage (AMD) pollution, and (b) inner zone, probably influenced by AMD pollution. Maximum total ions concentrations (mg/L) measured in superficial waters found were, in the outer zone: As (0.2), Cd (0.9), Fe (19), Mn (39), Pb (5.02), SO4(2-) (4650), Zn (107.67), and in the inner zone are As (0.1), Cd (0.2), Fe (88), Mn (13), Pb (6), SO4(2-) (4,880), Zn (46). The presence of these ions that exceeding the permissible maximum limits for human consume, could be associated to tailings mineralogy and acid leachates generated in tailings pile. 相似文献
33.
34.
Richard J. Ladle João V. L. Firmino Ana C. M. Malhado Armando Rodríguez‐Durán 《Conservation biology》2012,26(6):978-982
The term hot cave is used to describe some subterranean chambers in the Neotropics that are characterized by constantly high ambient temperatures generated by the body heat of high densities of certain bat species. Many of these species have limited geographic ranges, and some occur only in the hot‐cave environment. In addition to the bats, the stable microclimate and abundant bat guano provides refuge and food for a high diversity of invertebrates. Hot caves have so far been described in the Caribbean and in a few isolated locations from Mexico to Brazil, although there is some evidence that similar caves may be present throughout the tropics. The existing literature suggests these poorly known ecosystems, with their unique combination of geomorphology and bat‐generated microclimate, are particularly sensitive to disturbance and face multiple threats from urbanization, agricultural development, mining, and tourism. Diversidad No Explorada y Potencial de Conservación de Cuevas Neotropicales Calientes 相似文献
35.
36.
Renata Durães Bette A. Loiselle John G. Blake 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(12):1947-1957
Leks, display grounds where males congregate and females visit to copulate, are typically traditional in location, despite
often high turnover of individual males. How leks can persist in face of male turnover is not well understood, in part due
to a lack of detailed field data allowing for a clear understanding of lek dynamics. We followed the fate of individual males
at 11 to 15 leks of the blue-crowned manakin Lepidothrix coronata across four breeding seasons to gain insights on how leks are formed and changed in space and time. Between years, leks were
traditional in location despite changes in territory ownership due to male disappearance and recruitment. New males were equally
likely to recruit by taking over existing territories or by establishing new territories. Recruitment was influenced by age,
as recruits were more likely to be adults than subadults. Lek size did not affect the probabilities of a male recruiting or
persisting at a territory, and vocalization rate, a correlate of mating success in this population, did not affect male persistence.
We used our field data to model changes in lek size and composition over longer periods of time (100 years) to understand
how lek traditionality can be reconciled with high male turnover. Our simulations showed that leks in our population rapidly
stabilize in size despite changes in territory ownership and that rates of male recruitment and disappearance compensate each
other, such that leks have the potential to persist for several decades after the original males have disappeared from them. 相似文献
37.
Teresa Carvalho Fernando Durão Célia Ferreira 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(11):2209-2215
The objective of the research was to apply froth flotation to separate post-consumer PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) from other packaging plastics with similar density, in a continuously operated pilot plant. A representative sample composed of 85% PET, 2.5% PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and 11.9% PS (Polystyrene) was subjected to a combination of alkaline treatment and surfactant adsorption followed by froth flotation. A mineral processing pilot plant, owned by a Portuguese mining company, was adapted for this purpose. The experimentation showed that it is possible to produce an almost pure concentrate of PET, containing 83% of the PET in feed, in a single bank of mechanical flotation cells. The concentrate grade attained was 97.2% PET, 1.1% PVC and 1.1% PS. By simulation it was shown that the Portuguese recycling industry specifications can be attained if one cleaning and one scavenger stages are added to the circuit. 相似文献
38.
In this work, mercury speciation in phosphorus powder matrices and soda lime glass waste from new and spent fluorescent lamp wastes has been studied by thermo-desorption/atomic absorption spectrometry (TDAAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cold vapor-atomic absorption (CV-AAS) and atomic emission spectrometry/inductively coupled plasma (ICP/AES). TDAAS results show the presence of oxidized forms of mercury, i.e., Hg(1+) and Hg(2+), especially in wastes with high mercury concentration. Such forms are mobile, and therefore represent a potential hazard waste material. Glass TD profiles of spent fluorescent lamps suggested the presence of mercury strongly linked to the matrix, which desorbs only at high temperatures. 相似文献
39.
Ricardo Beiras Iria Durán 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(23):13291-13301
Some relevant shortcomings have been identified in the current approach for the classification of ecological status in marine water bodies, leading to delays in the fulfillment of the Water Framework Directive objectives. Natural variability makes difficult to settle fixed reference values and boundary values for the Ecological Quality Ratios (EQR) for the biological quality elements. Biological responses to environmental degradation are frequently of nonmonotonic nature, hampering the EQR approach. Community structure traits respond only once ecological damage has already been done and do not provide early warning signals. An alternative methodology for the classification of ecological status integrating chemical measurements, ecotoxicological bioassays and community structure traits (species richness and diversity), and using multivariate analyses (multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis), is proposed. This approach does not depend on the arbitrary definition of fixed reference values and EQR boundary values, and it is suitable to integrate nonlinear, sensitive signals of ecological degradation. As a disadvantage, this approach demands the inclusion of sampling sites representing the full range of ecological status in each monitoring campaign. National or international agencies in charge of coastal pollution monitoring have comprehensive data sets available to overcome this limitation. 相似文献
40.
Valéria F. Andrade Alisson F. S. Durães Douglas L. Cassimiro Gevany P. de Pinho 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(4):267-273
The current environmental legislations recommend monitoring chemical contaminants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans before the use of sewage sludge on the agricultural land. In this study, a solid–liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (SLE-LTP) was optimized and validated to determine 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in sewage sludge and soil samples. The analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operating in the selective ion mode (GC-MS-SIM). Acetonitrile:ethyl acetate 6.5:1.5 (v/v) was the best extraction phase, and the recoveries percentages were close to 100%. The linearity was demonstrated in the range of 1.25–25 µg L?1 of 1.25–20 µg L?1 for sewage sludge and soil, respectively. Matrix effect was proved for the two compounds and in the two matrices studied. Extraction percentages were between 78 and 109% and relative standard deviations ≤ 19%. The proposed method is faster than methods described in the literature because showed a few steps. The quantification limits (LOQ) in sewage sludge were 6.4 and 32 ng TEQ kg?1 for 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, respectively. In soil, LOQs were 0.8 and 8.0 ng TEQ kg?1 for 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, respectively. These values are lower than the maximum residue limits established by European Legislation. The method was applied to 22 agricultural soil samples from different Brazilian cities and 2,3,7,8-TCDF was detected in one of these samples. 相似文献