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961.
采用晚期垃圾渗滤液对UASB反应器中无机环境培养条件下厌氧氨氧化菌进行驯化,探讨基质浓度和水力停留时间对系统运行性能的影响,通过批式试验分别对基质和垃圾渗滤液抑制厌氧氨氧化动力学进行测定并建立相应的动力学模型.结果表明,经过75d的运行,系统逐渐适应垃圾渗滤液并实现高效脱氮.基质的去除量随进水基质浓度的升高呈先升高后降低的变化趋势.随着HRT的延长,进水基质及渗滤液浓度逐渐升高,系统脱氮效果降低.厌氧氨氧化基质抑制的阈值是NH4+-N浓度为489.03mg/L和NO2--N浓度为192.36mg/L.当以铵盐为抑制剂时,Vmax(NH4+-N)为0.1893mg/(mg·d),半饱和常数为39.39mg/L,抑制动力学常数为3482.27mg/L.当以亚硝酸盐为抑制剂时,Vmax(NO2--N)为0.246mg/(mg·d),半饱和常数为43.19mg/L,抑制动力学常数为701.15mg/L.厌氧氨氧化受垃圾渗滤液影响尤为显著,垃圾渗滤液条件下厌氧氨氧化活性被完全抑制的浓度为1450.69mg/L (以COD计) . 相似文献
962.
Wei Wen Shuiyuan Cheng Lei Liu Gang Wang Xiaoqi Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(5):6
The objective of this paper is to propose a hybrid approach for the source apportionment of primary and secondary species of PM2.5 in the city of Tangshan. The receptor-based PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) is integrated with the emission inventory (EI) to form the first hybrid method for the source apportionment of the primary species. The hybrid CAMx-PSAT-CP (Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions–Particulate Source Apportionment Technology–Chemical Profile) approach is then proposed and used for the source apportionment of the secondary species. The PM2.5 sources identified for Tangshan included the soil dust, the metallurgical industry, power plants, coalfired boilers, vehicles, cement production, and other sources. It is indicated that the PM2.5 pollution is a regional issue. Among all the identified sources, the metallurgy industry was the biggest contribution source to PM2.5, followed by coal-fired boilers, vehicles and soil dust. The other-source category plays a crucial role for PM2.5, particularly for the formation of secondary species and aerosols, and these other sources include non-specified sources such as agricultural activities, biomass combustion, residential emissions, etc. The source apportionment results could help the local authorities make sound policies and regulations to better protect the citizens from the local and regional PM2.5 pollution. The study also highlights the strength of utilizing the proposed hybrid approaches in the identification of PM2.5 sources. The techniques used in this study show considerable promise for further application to other regions as well as to identify other source categories of PM2.5.
相似文献
963.
为了解稻草露天焚烧产生烟尘中正构脂肪酸的组成特征,在明火燃烧和闷烧条件下对6种稻草进行了模拟焚烧试验,采集了排放的烟尘,并用GC/MS进行测定.结果表明,稻草中的正构脂肪酸由C8~C34组成.明火烟尘中含有碳数为C8~C34的正构脂肪酸.其总含量的变化区间是8613.9~27225.0μg/g,平均值为15147.4μg/g.正构脂肪酸呈现以C16、C24为主、次碳峰的双峰式分布,并具有显著的偶碳数优势.其碳优势指数(CPI)的分布区间是3.08~6.41,平均值为4.31.平均碳链长度(ACL)为18.51~21.77,平均值是20.48.C24/C16值分布在0.11~0.41之间.闷烧烟尘中正构脂肪酸的碳数范围是C6~C34.其总含量的分布区间是59112.6~95214.3μg/g,平均值为76934.9 μg/g.呈与明火烟尘类似的双峰式分布,偶碳数优势显著.其CPI为3.88~5.24,平均值为4.38.ACL值分布在17.37~18.91之间,平均值为18.42.C24/C16比值为0.07~0.23.明火烟尘中C24/C16比值比稻草有所下降.闷烧烟尘中C24/C16比值均小于稻草和明火烟尘,正构脂肪酸的ACL也明显小于稻草和明火烟尘.烟尘中正构脂肪酸的组成相比原稻草已发生了明显的改变. 相似文献
964.
气体爆炸是工业生产和生活领域中爆炸灾害的主要形式之一,研究障碍物对管道内可燃气体爆炸的影响规律具有十分重要的现实意义。运用计算流体动力学软件AutoReaGas,定量地研究了障碍物阻塞率、个数等因素对管道中预混乙炔/空气混和物爆炸压力场的影响规律。计算结果表明,障碍物的个数和阻塞比对管道内乙炔气体爆炸峰值超压均有显著影响。本文的研究结果对于预防和控制气体爆炸灾害有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
965.
2012年2月20日鞍钢重型机械制造有限公司铸钢厂发生了一起中国有史以来最严重的砂型喷爆事故,事故现场造成13人死亡,6人重伤,11人轻伤。通过现场勘查和调阅监控录像,对该起事故发展过程进行了详细分析。认为可能的原因是地坑防水层失效,墙壁裂纹渗水导致砂床底部积水,在钢液浇注后,积水遇熔融钢水迅速汽化,蒸汽急剧膨胀,压力骤增 ,导致了喷爆事故。利用能量守恒定律,近似推算了喷爆事故所需水量,进一步证明由于少量渗水导致该起事故的可能性 相似文献
966.
为研究自然条件下地表大气间汞交换通量特征及其影响因素,2012年4月22~25日在位于松花江上游的夹皮沟金矿,使用动态通量箱法(dynamic flux chamber, DFC)与汞分析仪(LUMEX Zeeman RA915+)联用技术测定了在持续性降雨气象条件控制下矿区土壤大气间汞交换通量,同步测定了近地面垂向0~150cm范围内大气汞浓度以及太阳辐射强度和大气温湿度,并分析了汞交换通量与降水条件下气象因子间相关关系.结果表明:在持续性降雨条件控制下,地表大气间的汞交换通量表现为沉降与释放过程连续交替出现特征,这与晴朗天气条件下日型汞通量单峰结构明显不同.降水间歇期土壤大气间汞交换通量在坡耕农田采样点依次为(-2.08±6.11)、(-6.16±33.57)、(-3.20±8.64)和(5.06±18.80)ng/(m2·h);在谷底漫滩采样点依次为(-5.21±6.42)、(3.87±28.12)、(-11.87±14.10)和(-9.44±12.23)ng/(m2·h).在局地范围内,地形条件差异影响不同地表和近地面大气系统能量收支,并使近地面大气汞浓度和气象因子发生变化,进而影响地表大气间汞交换通量过程和水平.持续性降水条件下,地表和大气间汞交换通量与太阳辐射强度和大气湿度间具有较为明显的正线性相关关系,与大气汞浓度和大气温度间无明显线性相关关系. 相似文献
967.
电化学DNA生物传感器是一种以DNA为生物识别元件并通过电化学信号转换器将目标物的存在转变为可检测的电信号的传感装置.因具有灵敏性高、选择性好、制备成本低、操作简单、携带方便、抗干扰性强等优点而被广泛用于环境分析领域.本文简要阐述了电化学DNA生物传感器的检测原理及DNA在电极表面的固定化方法,重点讨论了电化学DNA生物传感器在检测环境有机污染物中的应用,最后对电化学DNA生物传感器的发展方向进行了展望. 相似文献
968.
针对宁夏京能宁东发电有限责任公司生水换热系统存在的问题,对传统的生水换热器进行了实用性改造,经优化设计后,将混合式换热器换为板式换热器,热源由厂用辅助蒸汽改为辅机循环水回水。改造结果表明:生水换热器投运率大幅度提高,辅机循环水回水的低温热能得到了回收利用,节能效果明显,为北方发电厂利用低温热源开创了一条新途径。 相似文献
969.
Bisphenol A (BPA), the plastic monomer and plasticizer with well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical properties, is widely present in the aquatic environment, but little is known regarding hepatic toxicity in fish. This study assessed the effects of chronic exposure to BPA on the antioxidant defense system of Japanese medaka liver. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of BPA (0.1, 1, 10, 100, or 1000?µg?L?1) for 60 days. Antioxidant parameters were determined and compared with controls. The results showed that the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and the content of reduced glutathione were all induced at 10?µg?L?1 BPA after 60 days. Further, hepatic CAT was sensitive to BPA at 1?µg?L?1 concentration. In conclusion, CAT may serve as a potential early biomarker of BPA exposure in aquatic environment. 相似文献
970.
SUMMARY Reclaiming farmland from lakes in China in the 1950s damaged the water quality of many lakes. Tremendous efforts have been made since the late 1990s to restore vegetation around the damaged lakes. This paper examines water quality of Fuxian and Qilu Lakes and land-use characteristics within the two catchments in the high-altitude area of Yunnan Province, China. Landsat TM data acquired in 1989, 1994, 1999 and 2005 were used to extract land use and land cover (LULC) information. Measurements of five water quality indices (WQIs), BOD, COD, pH, TN and TP, for the same period of time were examined. The results showed that the area of residential and forest/shrub increased, whereas that of cropland and barren land decreased from 1989 to 2005 in both catchments. Qilu Lake was much more polluted than Fuxian Lake, and pollution worsened over time for both lakes. The differences in water quality between the two lakes were caused by differences in LULC composition and continued degradation in water quality was caused by intensive farming and urban sprawl. Unless the landscape is converted back to its pre-1950 composition and structure, water quality in both lakes cannot be significantly improved and will continue to threaten sustainable development in the region. 相似文献