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521.
油田采油注入水处理技术 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
介绍了中原油田注入水水质特点,以前采用的处理工艺和存在的问题,并分析了问题的根源在于产出水的“四高一低”,原处理工艺难以去除。针对这一情况,中原油田与江汉石油学院合作开发研制了三组分水质调整剂,分别调整pH,破坏液体的稳定性并去除液体中的金属离子;他们对三种组分的加入时间和投加量进行了试验,结果表明:三种组分应按顺序加入,其中A、B剂应有足够的间隔,加入量根据不同水质由试验确定。通过中原油田水处理站的运行试验得出结论:该工艺简单,投资小,处理效果好,适合中原油田的水质特性;处理后的水水质稳定,有效控制了腐蚀,减少了穿孔损失和污染损失,取得了显著的社会效益和环境效益 相似文献
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F. N. Nnadi F. X. Kline H. L. Wray M. P. Wanielista 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(1):61-72
ABSTRACT: The objectives of this paper were to test the ability of various design storm distributions to simulate the actual rainfall pattern and to compare the runoff rates used in the design of stormwater management devices in the State of Florida using continuous simulation approach. The analyses were performed for four gaged stations to evaluate the applicability of design storm distributions in different parts of the State of Florida. The approach used in this study compared the peak runoff rates from design storms based on the various distributions to those that would result from actual rainfall events. A series of continuous runoff rates were developed through the use of actual fifteen-minute recorded rainfall data, Horton type infiltration decay and recovery rate, and a continuous simulation model. The runoff rates were analyzed using frequency distributions to obtain peak runoff rates associated with different return periods based on the assumption that the continuous simulation approach closely predicts the actual runoff rates from the gaged stations. The results show that the behavior of the design storm distributions varies for different watershed characteristics in different parts of the state. The study also suggests that in general the Florida Department of Transportation and the Suwanne River Water Management (FDOT/ SRWMD) distributions appeared to agree with the continuous simulation results. 相似文献
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The benthic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus spp. is the primary causative agent of ciguatera fish poisoning in French Polynesia. However, the initiation of ciguatera
outbreaks and the factors that control ciguatoxin production in this dinoflagellate are still poorly understood. In this paper,
we present some original data concerning the seasonal abundance and toxicity of natural populations of Gambierdiscus spp. based on a long-term survey in a ciguateric site of the island of Tahiti. From February 1993 to December 1997, Gambierdiscus spp. population densities were monitored weekly in the Atimaono barrier reef of Papara in relation to temperature and salinity.
Densities peaked at 4992 cells g−1 in October 1994 and constituted ≥1000 cells g−1 on several occasions. A total of 58 blooms were recorded in the area, of which 65% occurred in 1995 and 1996 alone. Our data
confirmed the high endemicity of Gambierdiscus spp. in the Papara area. Refined analysis of our raw data by a principal-component analysis of processes (PCAP) revealed
a seasonality in cell densities from February 1993 to May 1995. During this period, Gambierdiscus spp. populations tended to reach maximum abundance at the beginning and end of the hot season. In contrast, salinity did
not appear to be a determining factor in the seasonal abundance of this dinoflagellate. The noticeable increase in both peak
densities and frequency of blooms further noticed in 1995 and 1996 was preceded by unusually high water temperatures in January
to April 1994, concomitant with a severe coral-bleaching episode. During the course of the study, a total of 303 × 106 cells obtained from 48 successive blooms was harvested. Toxicity screening revealed that toxin production was maximum from
October 1994 through December 1996. No correlation was found between toxicity of these blooms and their biomass nor the seasonal
pattern of temperatures. It is suggested that the toxicity of naturally-occurring blooms of Gambierdiscus spp. and, consequently, the severity of ciguatera incidents in a given area, is mainly dependent on the clonal nature of
cells which coexist within local populations of this dinoflagellate.
Received: 12 October 1998 / Accepted: 15 June 1999 相似文献
525.
Degradation pathways of PCBs upon UV irradiation in hexane. 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The photodegradations of eight individual PCB congeners (5, 31, 52, 77, 87, 126, 138, 169) in hexane have been investigated employing a mercury lamp. All degradation reactions of the above mentioned PCB congeners are of the pseudo first order. The principal products of PCB decomposition are the less chlorinated biphenyls, and no PCB-solvent adducts are found. Symmetrical and coplanar PCB congeners show lower photoreactivities. The reactivities of the chlorine atoms at various positions of PCB rings are generally in the order: ortho > meta > para. Photodechlorinations occur mainly on the more substituted rings, when the numbers of chlorine atoms on the two phenyl rings are unequal. During photodegradation, some coplanar PCB congeners are formed, which make the TEQ of solutions to decrease slowly or even to increase. 相似文献
526.
新能源场站的大规模集群化接入不仅增加了连锁故障的发生概率,也恶化了故障发生后的电网运行状态。为适应电网运行分析的新要求,以新能源机组和无功补偿装置实际运行工况为依据,研究了一种用于预测新能源场群连锁故障路径的仿真计算方法。通过基于大电网数据的仿真算例分析,得到了某新能源场群在典型约束条件下的详细连锁故障路径。结果表明:基于新能源场站机组实际情况建立的仿真模型更适宜于连锁脱网路径的仿真预测。 相似文献
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