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121.
Irma Dervišević Duško Minić Željko Kamberović Vladan Ćosović Mirjana Ristić 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(6):4278-4292
In this paper, we have analyzed parts of printed circuit board (PCB) and liquid crystal display (LCD) screens of mobile phones and computers, quantitative and qualitative chemical compositions of individual components, and complete PCBs were determined. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were used to determine the temperatures of phase transformations, whereas qualitative and quantitative compositions of the samples were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analyses. The microstructure of samples was studied by optical microscopy. Based on results of the analysis, a procedure for recycling PCBs is proposed. The emphasis was on the effects that can be achieved in the recycling process by extraction of some parts before the melting process. In addition, newly developed materials can be an adequate substitute for some of the dangerous and harmful materials, such as lead and arsenic are proposed, which is in accordance with the European Union (EU) Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances (RoHS) directive as well as some alternative materials for use in the electronics industry instead of gold and gold alloys. 相似文献
122.
Biljana Todorović Svetlana Milijasević-Marčić Ivana Potočnik Miloš Stepanović Emil Rekanović Ljiljana Nikolić-Bujanović 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):175-179
In vitro antibacterial activity tests of seven biofungicides (Ekstrasol, Bisolbisan, Bisolbifit, Serenade, Sonata, Timorex, F-Stop) and two disinfectants (colloidal silver alone and in combination with hydrogen peroxide) against the Pseudomonas tolaasii strain (NS3B6) were carried out by the disc-diffusion, broth microdilution and broth macrodilution method. Biofungicides tested in this study did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity in neither one of the methods used. Disc diffusion method revealed high sensitivity of the tested P. tolaasii strain to Ecocute based on colloidal silver and hydrogen peroxide. Both microdilution and macrodilution methods identified the same MICs and MBCs of Ecocute (0.19 mg/L) for P. tolaasii strain. MICs and MBCs values of silver alone were much higher (10 mg/L) compared to silver in combination with hydrogen peroxide. 相似文献
123.
Nebojša Atanacković Veselin Dragišić Jana Stojković Petar Papić Vladimir Živanović 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(11):7615-7626
Upon completion of exploration and extraction of mineral resources, many mining sites have been abandoned without previously putting environmental protection measures in place. As a consequence, mine waters originating from such sites are discharged freely into surface water. Regional scale analyses were conducted to determine the hydrochemical characteristics of mine waters from abandoned sites featuring metal (Cu, Pb–Zn, Au, Fe, Sb, Mo, Bi, Hg) deposits, non-metallic minerals (coal, Mg, F, B) and uranium. The study included 80 mine water samples from 59 abandoned mining sites. Their cation composition was dominated by Ca2+, while the most common anions were found to be SO4 2? and HCO3 ?. Strong correlations were established between the pH level and metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) concentrations in the mine waters. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to parameters generally indicative of pollution, such as pH, TDS, SO4 2?, Fe total, and As total. Following this approach, mine water samples were grouped into three main clusters and six subclusters, depending on their potential environmental impact. Principal component analysis was used to group together variables that share the same variance. The extracted principal components indicated that sulfide oxidation and weathering of silicate and carbonate rocks were the primary processes, while pH buffering, adsorption and ion exchange were secondary drivers of the chemical composition of the analyzed mine waters. Surface waters, which received the mine waters, were examined. Analysis showed increases of sulfate and metal concentrations and general degradation of surface water quality. 相似文献
124.
Biljana Mirković Milan Stević Jovana Hrustić Milica Mihajlović Goran Delibašić 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):845-850
Field isolates of Didymella applanata, the causal agent of spur blight of raspberry, were evaluated in vitro for their sensitivity to mancozeb, chlorothalonil, captan, fluopyram, boscalid and difenoconazole. A total of 10 isolates, collected during 2013 at five localities in the major raspberry growing region in Serbia, and characterized as copper hydroxide, dithianon, and tebuconazole (sensitive), pyraclostrobin (sensitive or highly resistant) and fluazinam (sensitive or moderately resistant), were used in this study. The EC50 values for the isolates ranged from 1.33 to 2.88 mg L?1 for mancozeb, from 3.18 to 6.65 mg L?1 for chlorothalonil, from 15.75 to 24.69 mg L?1 for captan and from 1.80 to 8.20 mg L?1 for fluopyram. The narrowest range of EC50 values was recorded for difenoconazole (0.23–0.49 mg L?1), whereas the widest range was obtained for boscalid (4.49–49.25 mg L?1). The calculated resistance factors showed that all D. applanata isolates were sensitive to mancozeb, chlorothalonil, captan, and difenoconazole. Four isolates were moderately resistant to boscalid, while three of them were also moderately resistant to fluopyram. This finding of moderately resistant isolates to these SDHI fungicides indicates a possible cross-resistance which should be clarified in further investigations. 相似文献
125.
Goran Šinko Ivana Vinković Vrček Walter Goessler Gerd Leitinger Adriana Dijanošić Snežana Miljanić 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(2):1391-1400
Due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in a large number of commercial and medical products. Such proliferated AgNP production poses toxicological and environmental issues which need to be addressed. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of AgNPs on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), important enzymes in areas of neurobiology, toxicology and pharmacology. Three different AgNPs, prepared by the chemical reduction using trisodium citrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (Cl-AgNPs), and borohydride following stabilization with poly(vinyl alcohol), were purified and characterised with respect to their sizes, shapes and optical properties. Their inhibition potential on AChE and BChE was evaluated in vitro using an enzyme assay with o-nitrophenyl acetate or o-nitrophenyl butyrate as substrates, respectively. All three studied AgNPs were reversible inhibitors of ChEs. Among tested nanoparticles, Cl-AgNP was found to be the most potent inhibitor of both AChE and BChE. Although the detailed mechanism by which the AgNPs inhibit esterase activities remains unknown, structural perturbation of the enzyme may be the common mode of ChE inhibition by AgNPs. 相似文献
126.
Activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in the species Mytilus galloprovincialis from Croatian Adriatic coast were determined. The samples were collected in thirteen sampling places which are also a part of Croatian Mediterranean mussel watch project. The results of 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrations were found to vary between (22.1 ± 2.5)-(207 ± 21) Bq kg−1 fresh weight and (2.8 ± 1.4)-(9.3 ± 0.7) Bq kg−1 fresh weight, respectively. 210Po/210Pb ratio ranged between 6.2 and 30.7. The highest measured activities were found in the enclosed basins of the Neretva channel, where the majority of Croatian mussel cultivation is taking place. The estimated consequent average total annual effective ingestion dose due to 210Po and 210Pb from mussel consumption in Croatian coastal region is 202 ± 99 μSv with 96% contribution of 210Po to the total effective dose. 相似文献
127.
Todorović B Milijasević-Marčić S Potočnik I Stepanović M Rekanović E Nikolić-Bujanović L Cekerevac M 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(3):175-179
In vitro antibacterial activity tests of seven biofungicides (Ekstrasol, Bisolbisan, Bisolbifit, Serenade, Sonata, Timorex, F-Stop) and two disinfectants (colloidal silver alone and in combination with hydrogen peroxide) against the Pseudomonas tolaasii strain (NS3B6) were carried out by the disc-diffusion, broth microdilution and broth macrodilution method. Biofungicides tested in this study did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity in neither one of the methods used. Disc diffusion method revealed high sensitivity of the tested P. tolaasii strain to Ecocute based on colloidal silver and hydrogen peroxide. Both microdilution and macrodilution methods identified the same MICs and MBCs of Ecocute (0.19 mg/L) for P. tolaasii strain. MICs and MBCs values of silver alone were much higher (10 mg/L) compared to silver in combination with hydrogen peroxide. 相似文献
128.
Radon-222 diffusion in an anhydrous andesitic melt was investigated. The melts were glass discs formed artificially from melted volcanic materials. Solutions of the relevant diffusion equations were done by the explicit finite difference method. Results were compared to analytical solutions reported in the literature and good agreement was found. We have shown that the explicit finite difference method is effective and accurate for solving equations that describe 222Rn diffusion in andesitic melts, which is especially important when arbitrary initial and boundary conditions are required. 相似文献
129.
130.
Ex situ bioremediation of a soil contaminated by mazut (heavy residual fuel oil)--a field experiment
Beškoski VP Gojgić-Cvijović G Milić J Ilić M Miletić S Solević T Vrvić MM 《Chemosphere》2011,83(1):34-40
Mazut (heavy residual fuel oil)-polluted soil was exposed to bioremediation in an ex situ field-scale (600 m(3)) study. Re-inoculation was performed periodically with biomasses of microbial consortia isolated from the mazut-contaminated soil. Biostimulation was conducted by adding nutritional elements (N, P and K). The biopile (depth 0.4m) was comprised of mechanically mixed polluted soil with softwood sawdust and crude river sand. Aeration was improved by systematic mixing. The biopile was protected from direct external influences by a polyethylene cover. Part (10 m(3)) of the material prepared for bioremediation was set aside uninoculated, and maintained as an untreated control pile (CP). Biostimulation and re-inoculation with zymogenous microorganisms increased the number of hydrocarbon degraders after 50 d by more than 20 times in the treated soil. During the 5 months, the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of the contaminated soil was reduced to 6% of the initial value, from 5.2 to 0.3 g kg(-1) dry matter, while TPH reduced to only 90% of the initial value in the CP. After 150 d there were 96%, 97% and 83% reductions for the aliphatic, aromatic, and nitrogen-sulphur-oxygen and asphaltene fractions, respectively. The isoprenoids, pristane and phytane, were more than 55% biodegraded, which indicated that they are not suitable biomarkers for following bioremediation. According to the available data, this is the first field-scale study of the bioremediation of mazut and mazut sediment-polluted soil, and the efficiency achieved was far above that described in the literature to date for heavy fuel oil. 相似文献