因巴法水渣系统应用及评价

因巴法水渣技术在目前国内高炉生产中得到广泛应用。就此技术改造经验，从四个方面即，设备完好率与除尘率及同步运转率、粉尘作业职工尘肺发病率和尘肺发病年龄、作业场所粉尘浓度、防尘技术措施的经济效益，阐述了水渣系统的先进性能，并通过环境监测进行综合评价。     

数字水准仪DiNi11/12原理及应用中应注意的问题

本文介绍了数字水准仪的原理、特点,着重分析了对台站跨断层观测精度影响较大的几个因素,并结合台站工作实际提出了减弱这些影响的措施,实测结果表明:采取这些措施可以有效地提高测量精度.     

生物堆修复多环芳烃类污染土壤研究进展及工业化应用初试

土壤的多环芳烃污染日益受到社会关注,经济有效的生物修复技术逐渐成为研究热点,生物堆即其中新兴的技术之一。本文先结合国内外运用生物堆技术修复多环芳烃污染土壤的案例,从生物堆技术简介、修复过程影响因子、修复过程机理简析等三个方面进行综合阐述。在此基础上于某工业污染场地现场建立处理能力为500m3的生物堆进行为期6个月的工业化应用初试。运行结束后,各采样点最终浓度均低于风险评估中所确定的修复目标值,土壤中2环至6环的PAHs降解率依次分别为78%,55%,45%,43%和22%。最后对该技术在"土十条"出台后的研究应用进行展望。     

河南省鹤壁市淇河流域（淇县段）农业非点源污染状况调查及评价研究

为了解淇县淇河流域农业非点源污染状况,采用资料搜集为主,现场监测补缺、核实为辅的方法,对淇县农业面源污染进行了调查。选取2013年淇县下辖的各乡镇各污染源排放的COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷为评价指标,用等标污染负荷法分区域、分来源进行了污染负荷评价。结果表明：淇县等标污染负荷总计42051.61×106 m3/a,其中,西岗镇最高,等标污染负荷为8189.42×106 m3/a,灵山办事处最低,等标污染负荷为987．98×106 m3/a;畜禽养殖业源等标污染负荷最高,为36384.95×106 m3/a,其次是种植业源,等标污染负荷为3023.92×106 m3/a。污染负荷比中总磷污染负荷比最高占61%,其次是总氮占27%。     

Photodegradation of hydroxyfluorenes in ice and water: A comparison of kinetics,effects of water constituents,and phototransformation by-products

The photochemical behavior of organic pollutants in ice is poorly studied in comparison to aqueous photochemistry.Here we report a detailed comparison of ice and aqueous photodegradation of two representative OH-PAHs,2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFL) and 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-OHFL),which are newly recognized contaminants in the wider environment including colder regions.Interestingly,their photodegradation kinetics were clearly influenced by whether they reside in ice or water.Under the same simulated s...     

A relict trematosauroid (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from the Middle Jurassic of the Junggar Basin (NW China)

A temnospondyl ilium from the uppermost Toutunhe Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of the southern Junggar Basin is described. Among the known temnospondyls it is very unusual in morphology because of its very long and slender shaft. It compares closely only to the ilium of one of the latest known trematosaurids from the Ladinian of southern Germany. The Toutunhe Formation has also yielded vertebrae and skull fragments of temnospondyls which belong to the brachyopid Gobiops from the Upper Jurassic of Mongolia. Brachyopoid ilia do not, however, display a morphology similar to that of the new specimen. It is therefore concluded that this specimen represents a second taxon of temnospondyl from the Toutunhe Formation, which probably represents the latest surviving trematosauroid. The Trematosauroidea, which was hitherto exclusively known from the Lower to early Upper Triassic, therefore joins the Brachyopoidea – and possibly the Capitosauroidea – as another group of temnospondyls which survived the end-Triassic mass extinction.     

金沙江底栖真核微生物地理分布特征及生态学机制

真核微生物在生物地球化学循环、维持生态系统健康稳定等方面发挥重要作用.目前关于大型河流真核微生物的地理分布模式和生态学机制仍知之甚少.以我国西南梯级水电开发河流金沙江为研究区域,探讨了底栖真核微生物的地理分布特征及影响因素,解析了真核微生物的种间相互作用关系.结果表明,金沙江底栖真核微生物的α多样性指数沿河流向下表现出先上升后下降的趋势;群落结构和优势属的相对丰度在上游自然河段和梯级大坝河段差异显著.距离衰减分析的结果显示,金沙江底栖真核微生物的群落构建受环境筛选和扩散限制的共同作用;方差分解分析和中性模型的结果进一步表明,其地理分布模式主要受到扩散限制的驱动.共现网络结果表明,相比于上游自然河段,梯级大坝河段的种间竞争关系和网络联通性较弱,说明了底栖真核微生物在上游自然河段的相互作用更强.研究结果补充了我国西南河流底栖真核微生物多样性和地理分布的资料不足,为梯级水电开发河流底栖真核微生物的生态响应提供数据支撑.     

张家口地区土壤硒形态分布及其植物有效性初步研究

分别采集了张家口克山病区非病村4个砂土样品和重病村6个草甸土、褐土样品．用连续提取程序分离出水溶态硒、离子交换态硒、有机态硒、酸溶态硒、硫化物态硒和残余态硒。水溶态硒容易被植物吸收。交换态硒也能被植物吸收，但受到吸附环境和pH值的影响。有机结合态硒只有在碱性条件下其中的富啡酸态硒才能被植物吸收。酸溶态硒是铁锰氧化物和碳酸盐类矿物醚性淋溶作用的结果，酸性条件下硒容易流失，碱性条件下硒被原矿物固定，因此都难被植物吸收利用。硫化物态硒和残余态硒是最难溶的，基本上不被植物吸收。张家口地区重病村土《铁锰氧化物和腐殖质含量高，呈中-微酸性，而非病村正好与之相反。因此，重病村土壤虽然水溶性硒+交换态盾+有机态硒高于非病村，但这三种硒形态所反映的土壤植物有效性反而低于非病村。这可能是病村粮食比非病村低硒的原因。     

Towards carrying capacity assessment for aquaculture in the Bolinao Bay, Philippines: A numerical study of tidal circulation

The increase in intensive aquaculture production in the Bolinao Bay, Philippines reached the point of harmful influence to production stock. Up to the present, there has been no estimation of aquaculture carrying capacity which is based on quantification of processes responsible for (a) water quality inside the units, (b) impact to the seabed and (c) water quality in the whole Bolinao Bay. The numerical estimation of tidal circulation, which is the most dominant part of the hydrodynamical regime in the Bolinao Bay, represents an unavoidable step in the carrying capacity determination considering points (a), (b) and (c). The hydrodynamical model we apply is a free surface, 3D finite element tidal model, forced with sea elevation dynamics at three open boundaries. It incorporates an increase in bottom stress drag coefficients in the coral areas and advanced transport corrected advection scheme. The model simulations of water flow show good agreement with measured currents in the central part of the Bolinao Bay, southern and northeastern channel, while agreement in the areas in vicinity of northern channel is not as tight. In order to provide an insight into the water exchange in aquaculture units, to support local water quality models and seabed deposition models (points (a) and (b)), the area is mapped with neap tide mean, spring tide mean and 14-day mean current velocity contours. The highest 14-day mean velocities are attained in the southern channel (>17 cm s⁻¹), while the mean velocities characteristic for northern part (<6 cm s⁻¹) and shallow areas of coral reefs (<2 cm s⁻¹) are much lower. Area-mean difference between spring tide and 14-day mean velocities is estimated to be 18.32% (std=7.31%), while difference between neap tide and 14-day mean velocities is 17.62 % (std=11.19%). To support global basin-wide water quality models (point (c)), retention of water in the bay is estimated by Lagrangian and Eulerian calculation procedure of mean residence time field. Both calculations estimate the highest (no-wind) residence times (Lan: 25.4 days, Eul: 21.03 days) in the central northern part, but most of the area (Lan: 73.11%, Eul: 79.31%) is characterized by residence time values significantly lower than 15 days. The results are readily applicable for upcoming implementation in the models of local (aquaculture units, seabed) and basin-wide (Bolinao Bay) nutrient dynamics, primary and secondary production, organic matter decomposition and oxygen dynamics.     

Impact of maximum sustainable yield on independent populations

We investigate a community of independent logistically growing populations under a common harvesting effort which leads to the total maximum sustainable yield (TMSY). It is surprising that in the case of two populations with approximately equal carrying capacities, TMSY is reached while both populations persist, although their biotic potential may differ substantially. In general, however, TMSY with a common harvesting effort implies suboptimal fishing of some populations, overfishing of others and extinction of the rest of the populations. Since extinction of populations is a rule rather than an exception and since a community of independent populations is more robust than an ecosystem with multiple trophic levels, we call for urgent retraction of all legal documents advocating MSY in ecosystems.