基于排队论的城市垃圾箱最佳间距研究

针对城市垃圾箱最佳间距的研究不够精细的现状,本文通过建立排队论模型得到了可供不同城市参考的城市垃圾箱最佳间距参数表。通过对部分城市街道的垃圾箱摆放间距情况进行实地调查,运用层次分析法将影响垃圾箱间距分布的多重因素转化为单因素;建立了基于指数分布的教学模型,利用排队论分析单因素状态下的垃圾箱间距分布,得到了求解城市垃圾箱最佳间距的一般方法。     

浅议贵州水电开发与生态环境保护

贵州的水能资源储量丰富,水能蕴藏量1874千瓦,列全国第六位,开发潜力巨大。开发水电不仅能充分地利用贵州丰富的水资源,同时水电还具有防洪、灌溉、供水、旅游等综合效益,对促进贵州省经济社会的可持续发展具有重要作用;但另一方面水电开发可能会给生态环境造成负面的影响,水土流失、下游水质恶化、水电开发区生态平衡的失调等。因此,水电开发者只有坚持水电开发建设与生态环境保护相协调发展的战略思想,水电开发才能在贵州走得更久。     

Biofilm-overproducing Bacillus subtilis B12ΔYwcc decreases Cd uptake in Chinese cabbage through increasing Cd-immobilizing related gene abundance and root surface colonization

Biofilm-producing bacteria can decrease Cd uptake in vegetables, but mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly characterized. In this study, two mutant strains B12ΔYwcc and B12ΔSlrR were constructed from a biofilm-producing Bacillus subtilis strain B12. Then, the impacts of strain B12 and its high biofilm-producing mutant strain B12ΔYwcc and low biofilm-producing mutant strain B12ΔSlrR on Cd availability and uptake in Chinese cabbage and the related mechanisms were investigated in the Cd-polluted soil. Strain B12 and its mutants B12ΔYwcc and B12ΔSlrR increased the dry biomasses of edible tissues by 54%–130% compared with the controls. Strain B12 and its mutant B12ΔYwcc reduced the soil available Cd content by 36%–50% and root and edible tissue Cd contents by 23%–50% compared with the controls. Furthermore, the mutant strain B12ΔYwcc reduced the edible tissue Cd content by 40% and increased the polysaccharide content by 23%, invertase activity by 139%, and gene copies of the cumA by 4.5-fold, epsA by 7.1-fold, and cadA by 4.3-fold, which were involved in Cd adsorption in the rhizosphere soils, respectively, compared with strain B12. The polysaccharide content and cumA, epsA, and cadA gene copy numbers showed significantly reverse correlations with the available Cd content. Notably, the mutant strain B12ΔYwcc showed better ability to colonize the vegetable root surface than strain B12. These findings demonstrated that the biofilm-overproducing mutant strain B12ΔYwcc increased the polysaccharide production and Cd-immobilizing related cumA, epsA, and cadA gene copies, resulting in lower Cd availability and accumulation in Chinese cabbage in the Cd-polluted soil.     

基于广域网的环保投诉管理系统的研究与实践

随着环境管理工作和决策要求的不断提高,对环境信访处理提出了更高的要求.利用广域网技术,实现城市级环保投诉联网处理是适应现代环境管理要求的.以南宁市为例,对系统软件的设计与实现进行了较详细的介绍与分析,说明了系统给环境管理工作带来的便利,并对系统的发展前景作了展望.     

草浆造纸黑液无污染排放治理新方案——双极膜电渗析法回收碱

介绍碱法草浆黑液采用膜技术处理的各种方案,着重介绍了碱法草浆黑液资源化全回收技术并提出了新的技术方案,该方案是先用硫酸中和酸析黑液中的木质素,或用纳滤方案回收木质素,然后采用双极膜电渗析法回收已去除木质素的黑液中的酸和碱,最后经蒸发和喷雾干燥回收其中的糖、其他营养成分及大部分水,达到无污染排放的目的。该方案碱回收率在50%～80%,取决于黑液中碱的浓度,回收1 t碱的耗电量低于2 500 kW.h。该法的基本投资比同规模碱回收法节省60%以上,具有较好的经济效益。     

Improved source assessment of Si, Al and related mineral components to PM10 based on a daily sampling procedure

Samples obtained from an industrialized valley in the East Alpine region were collected daily for a half year and analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to examine the elements Si,Al,Fe,Ca,Mg,Na,K,Zn,P,S and Cl.Some factors affecting the changes of these elements were considered,including time,elemental correlations,weekday,weekend and seasonal changes.Diagnostic analysis provided an insight into a decoupling behavior that occursin siliceous and carbonates minerals.A decrease in Si and Al and an increase in carbonates,Na,K,Zn and P were observed during the cold season.However,a consistently high correlation of Si and Al was observed in all seasons.It was established that such high levels originated from street surface abrasion.The increase in variability and absolute levels of carbonates during the cold season was demonstrated by adding carbonates to the street surface as gritting material to increase the grip on snowy surfaces.A marked increase in Na and Cl was observed in winter which may have been caused by thaw salt that is widely used in winter in Austria.This was associated with a significant increase in K,Zn,and P in the cold season that was the result of domestic space heating with wood.PM10 levels in December were 12 μg/m3 and were higher than levels detected in July.It was established that such high levels originated from mineral oxides,wood smoke,and inorganic ionic material(s).     

望城生态县建设对可持续发展度的影响分析

望城县是长沙市的市辖县,于2000年开始全国生态示范区建设,通过验收后,又于2005年正式启动生态县建设.通过对望城县生态县进行可持续发展度评价,可以计算出望城县在规划年、近期目标年、中期目标年以及远景目标年的可持续发展度,可以预测出望城县按照规划进行生态县建设的预期效果.     

Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.     

明矾石在水体微藻去除中的应用研究

以温州市某大学校区内富营养化水体为研究对象,采用本地明矾石对含藻水体进行混凝除藻、除浊实验研究,分别进行投加量、搅拌强度、搅拌时间、静置时间及pH值对微藻去除效率的影响研究,以获得处理工艺的最佳条件,为恢复河流水体生态自净功能提供理论基础.试验中对投加明矾石前后,水体中浊度、总磷、氨氮和总氮进行了测定,结果表明：明矾石最佳投加量为0.35 g/L,最佳搅拌方式为200 rpm搅拌4 min;最佳静置时间为25 min;在碱性或中性水体的处理效果尤佳.