Influences of influent carbon source on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and physicochemical properties of activated sludge

It is necessary to understand the bioflocculation, settling and dewatering characteristics in the activated sludge process in order to establish more efficient operational strategies. The influences of carbon source on the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and flocculation, settling and dewatering properties of the activated sludge were investigated. Laboratory-scale completely mixed activated sludge processes were used to grow the activated sludge with different carbon sources of starch, glucose and sodium acetate. The sludge fed with acetate had highest loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and that fed with starch lowest. The amount of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), protein content in LB-EPS, polysaccharide content and protein contents in TB-EPS, were independent of the influent carbon source. The polysaccharide content in LB-EPS of the activated sludge fed with sodium acetate was lower slightly than those of starch and glucose. The sludge also had a nearly consistent flocs size and the sludge volume index (SVI) value. ESS content of the sludge fed with sodium acetate was higher initially, although it was similar to those fed with glucose and starch finally. However, the specific resistance to filtration and normalized capillary suction time fluctuated first, but finally were stable at around 5.0 × 10⁸ m kg⁻¹ and 3.5 s L g⁻¹ SS, respectively. Only the protein content in LB-EPS weakly correlated with the flocs size and SVI of the activated sludge. But there was no correlation between any other EPS contents or components and the physicochemical properties of the activated sludge.     

恢复力研究的新进展与评述

介绍了恢复力的起源及基本内涵,并对恢复力内涵研究中的两派主要观点(工程恢复力和生态恢复力)进行分析与比较。随后,全面回顾并论述恢复力主要应用领域的重要概念模型与研究动态,分析总结各应用领域的恢复力量化现状。在此基础上,对恢复力未来的研究进行了展望,提出研究的关键问题以及今后需深入发展的研究方向。     

Light absorption properties and potential sources of brown carbon in Fenwei Plain during winter 2018–2019

A distinctive kind of organic carbon aerosol that could absorb ultraviolet-visible radiation is called brown carbon (BrC), which has an important positive influence on radiative budget and climate change. In this work, we reported the absorption properties and potential source of BrC based on a seven-wavelength aethalometer in the winter of 2018–2019 at an urban site of Sanmenxia in Fenwei Plain in central China. Specifically, the mean value of BrC absorption coefficient was 59.6 ± 36.0 Mm^?1 at 370 nm and contributed 37.7% to total absorption, which made a significant impact on visibility and regional environment. Absorption coefficients of BrC showed double-peak pattern, and BrC had shown small fluctuations under haze days compared with clean days. As for the sources of BrC, BrC absorption coefficients expressed strong correlations with element carbon aerosols and primary organic carbon aerosols, indicating that most of BrC originated from primary emissions. The linear correlations between trace metal elements (K, As, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb) and BrC absorption coefficients further referred that the major sources of BrC were primary emissions, like coal burning, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions. The moderate relationship between BrC absorption coefficients and secondary organic aerosols suggested that secondary production of BrC also played an important role. The 120 hr backward air mass trajectories analysis and concentration-weighted trajectories analysis were also used to investigate potential sources of BrC in and around this area, which inferred most parts of BrC were derived from local emissions.     

平江县生态弹性度定量分析评价研究

根据生态弹性力的概念,体会其深刻内涵及意义,根据区域实际情况,科学合理的构建平江县生态系统弹性力评价指标体系,运用综合评价的方法计算分析平江县生态系统弹性力,结果显示从2008年至2013年间,平江县生态系统弹性力呈下降趋势,主要原因是水资源总量下降,并对之后生态系统可持续发展和经济发展提出建议.     

不同温度对SBBR同步短程硝化反硝化处理炼油催化剂废水的影响

采用SBBR在溶解氧1.0 mg/L条件下考察了不同温度对实际炼油催化剂废水脱氮系统效能的影响.结果表明,SBBR容积负荷及同步硝化反硝化(SND)三氮去除率与进水氨氮浓度正相关.不同进水浓度下,反应器SND三氮去除率最高可达40%左右.33、30及28℃条件下,反应器亚硝积累率均可稳定保持在90%以上.不同温度下短程硝化反硝化pH值及ORP变化趋势基本一致,结合在线监控pH值及ORP变化规律调控反应时间,最大限度保证短程硝化的稳定性.     

不同复合人工湿地对高污染河流有机污染物的去除

为了研究复合人工湿地对高污染河流污水中有机污染物的去除效果及规律,实验构建了不同水力负荷下的潜流+潜流、潜流+表面流、潜流+潜流+表面流、表面流+表面流等人工湿地单元组合成的5个复合人工湿地.连续运行一年以来,各复合人工湿地对BOD5、COD和SS的去除效果分别为91.9%~94.7%、69.3%~75.8%和92.3%~93.9%,相对于多级表流湿地,多级潜流湿地更利于有机污染物和悬浮物的去除;BOD5、COD和SS主要在各复合湿地的第一级湿地单元内得到去除;复合人工湿地对COD去除效果秋夏季两季好,春冬两季差;复合人工湿地能有效去除悬浮态BOD5和COD,出水中部分溶解态有机物难以有效降解.     

膨润土复合颗粒与SRB协同处理酸性矿山废水

针对酸性矿山废水（AMD）pH低、重金属含量大、处理难等问题,采用膨润土-钢渣复合颗粒吸附剂、塑料雪花片和碎石作为填料,经生活污水、鸡粪、锯末发酵液驯化的硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）优势菌悬液对填料进行挂膜,构造三组动态柱：I#动态柱采用分层填装方式、II#动态柱采用混合填装方式、III#动态柱为只含有微生物的动态柱。研究其对Fe2+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、SO42-和H+的去除效果,并研究分层的动态柱的再生效果、揭示机理。结果表明：膨润土-钢渣复合颗粒与微生物填料分层填装的方式更利于处理酸性矿山废水（AMD）,该动态柱40 d时对Fe2+、Mn2+、Cu2+和Zn2+的去除率均能达到95%以上,对SO42-的去除效果好于其他两个动态柱,且出水pH为中性,同时SRB还原SO42-生成的S2-/H2S可以使重金属离子固定、饱和吸附剂再生。说明膨润土复合颗粒与SRB协同处理酸性矿山废水具有创新高效性,值得推广使用。     

粉煤灰替代石灰进行污泥深度脱水的中试研究

采用板框压滤机在中试规模下,以粉煤灰替代工业石灰,对污泥进行调质脱水实验研究,从而考察粉煤灰替代石灰进行污泥调质脱水的可行性。结果表明：粉煤灰投加后可降低污泥pH,降低其二次污染危害,但污泥进料量却降低14.3%~15.2%,脱水能力下降;针对不同有机质含量的污泥,粉煤灰的替代性并不相同,对于低有机质含量污泥,采用粉煤灰替代工业石灰具有一定可行性,且随着粉煤灰投加量的加大,污泥热值逐步上升,而对于高有机质含量污泥,粉煤灰并不适用于其深度脱水过程。     

针铁矿-腐殖酸的复合物对泰乐菌素的吸附

针铁矿与腐殖酸共存于环境中时,会通过一定的相互作用形成有机矿质复合体,这种复合体会对抗生素在环境中的吸附产生一定的影响。研究了针铁矿与腐殖酸的复合物对泰乐菌素的吸附特性。结果表明:针铁矿与腐殖酸的复合是通过化学作用进行结合的;针铁矿与腐殖酸复合之后,其对泰乐菌素的吸附能力明显增强;针铁矿及其与腐殖酸的复合物对泰乐菌素的吸附动力学可以用二级动力学模型和扩散模型较好的拟合,吸附具有明显的非线性,吸附等温线可以用Freundlich模型较好地拟合;针铁矿及其与腐殖酸的复合物对泰乐菌素的吸附受溶液pH值和离子强度的影响,且吸附机制主要以疏水性分配作用、氢键作用、离子交换和表面络合机制为主。     

黑臭水体组合生物净化技术研究进展

目前我国许多城镇水体出现黑臭现象,加强对城镇黑臭水体的治理是当前的迫切任务。介绍了黑臭水体的定义、形成过程、特点及我国黑臭水体治理的现状;概述了黑臭水体治理常用方法,提出生物技术的优点与重要性;阐述了组合生物净化技术治理黑臭水体的技术思路,即通过人工曝气+投加菌剂+投加促生剂+投加填料+栽种水生植物进行净化;综述了组合生物净化技术不同环节的净化原理、主要技术措施及研究进展;总结了组合生物净化技术综合应用与效果,并对组合生物净化技术未来的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为利用组合生物技术净化黑臭水体提供多样化视角及合理的治理框架。